Design by Contract, or programming by Contract, is not a new concept in programming, many languages already having such implementations.

契约式设计(或“契约式编程”)并不是编程领域的新概念，许多语言中已经有类似的实现了。

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Design by Contract, or programming by Contract, is not a new concept in programming, many languages already having such implementations.

契约式设计(或“契约式编程”)并不是编程领域的新概念，许多语言中已经有类似的实现了。

youdao