We're also going to recognize, however, that insurance got a slow start because — I believe it is because — people could not understand the concept of probability.
我们同时打算识别，然而，保险业那时只是缓慢的开始，我相信那时人们还没有理解概率的概念。
So, it was in the 1600s that probability theory started to get written down as a theory and many things then happened in that century that, I think, are precursors both to finance and insurance.
所以直到十七世纪,概率论,才被记录下来,形成理论,并且在那个世纪里诞生了,金融和保险的雏形
The institution of insurance is something that really came in — it's one of the earliest — I consider it a division of finance — really came in the 1600s when probability theory was invented.
保险机构的出现，我认为这是金融业中，最早的分支之一，大约在17世纪，概率论刚刚诞生。
What Zelizer reported was that some life insurance companies surmounted this problem by changing the pitch, by telling their salespeople, don't try to explain probability theory to these people.
泽利泽发现有些寿险公司，通过改变营销思路克服了这个难题，他们告诉自己的推销员，不要试图给你的客户讲概率论。
Insurance Actuarial theory is a analysis and forecast subject to all kinds risk of insurance industry by mathematics, probability statistics methods and finance models.
保险精算学是运用数学、概率统计学原理以及多种金融模型对保险业中各种风险因素进行分析预测的学科。
The mathematical theory of probability was unknown until that time and you can see that insurance suddenly made an appearance at that time.
在那之前，概率的数学理论，是不存在的，而随着概率论的出现，保险业也突然出现了。
Research on ruin theory has always been playing a pivot role in the study of risk theory since it bears both an insurance practical background and interests of probability theory.
破产理论一直是风险理论的研究核心，对它的研究既有保险实务的应用背景，又有概率论上的兴趣。
Theoretical analysis concludes that the enthusiasm of life insurance consumption increases with the individual's probability of death and the degree of risk aversion.
本文的理论分析表明，个体面对的死亡率的增加和个体的风险厌恶程度的增加都会提高消费者对寿险购买的积极性。
Because the estimate of ruin probability is important to stability of insurance company, so it is necessary to construct models which can describe realism well.
而破产概率的估计对于保险公司的稳定经营有着重要的作用，因此建立更符合实际的破产模型很有必要。
We discussed the issue of ruin of insurance companies, it aims to prevent insurer from ruin or to reduce the probability of ruin.
我们讨论保险公司的破产问题，其目的就是为了防止保险公司破产或者说降低破产的概率。
Risk theory, as a part of insurance-or actuarial-mathematics, deals with stochastic models of an insurance business and studies the probability of ruin.
风险理论作为保险精算数学的一部分，主要处理保险事务中的随机风险模型并研究破产概率等问题。
Chapter3: in this part, the author simulates stochastically the ruin probability of insurance companies by using advanced computer techniques and tests some results of the second chapter.
第三章利用先进的计算机技术对保险公司破产概率进行了随机模拟，从另一个角度佐证了第二章有关结论。
A risk model which contains two types of insurance with a noise term and two items related to interference is considered. The ruin probability and survival probability of the model are mainly studied.
在新模型中，每个险种各带一个干扰项，且两干扰项相关，对该模型的生存概率和破产概率进行了研究。
On ruin probability for a generalized Cox insurance risk model with perturbation;
建立了一类带干扰离散风险模型，并且保费收取率为随机变量。
On ruin probability for a generalized Cox insurance risk model with perturbation;
建立了一类带干扰离散风险模型，并且保费收取率为随机变量。
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