Nerve cells containing the prions stop working.
含有朊病毒的神经细胞失去正常功能。
First Dr Tabrizi infected the nerve cells with disease-causing prions.
首先，Tabrizi博士向神经细胞注射了致病朊病毒。
Like Dr Tabrizi, Dr Greenwood infected several types of mouse nerve cells with prions.
像Tabrizi博士一样Greenwood博士将朊病毒感染了数种老鼠神经细胞。
But it is not entirely clear what happens when the gene for normal prions is completely removed.
但是正常的朊病基因被完全敲除后到底发生了什么并没有完全搞清楚。
They believe that infectious prions might wake viruses that lie dormant in the DNA of an uninfected cell.
他们相信感染朊病毒可能唤醒健康细胞内其他病毒沉睡的DNA。
In fact, at first glance, lack of prions seemed like a good thing because it made mice immune to prion infection.
事实上，在初期，缺少这种蛋白看起来和正常情况一样，因为它使老鼠免疫这种蛋白的缺失。
That infectious prions cause rubbish to accumulate in brain cells may not be the only way in which they cause damage.
而朊病毒引起脑细胞垃圾的堆积也许不是灾难被引起的唯一方式。
Previous research showed that prions bind readily to these types of surfaces and can initiate infection with remarkable efficiency.
此前研究显示朊蛋白可便捷地与这些表面类型结合并以不同寻常的效率启动感染过程。
Prions cause Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (or “mad cow disease” in cattle) by rearranging the structure of normal proteins in their own image.
朊病毒通过按照自身结构重建正常蛋白结构来引发雅克氏病（或在牛身上引发“疯牛病”）。
Nerve cells containing the prions stop working. The sufferer endures memory loss, personality changes and spontaneous, jerky bodily movements.
含有朊病毒的神经细胞失去正常功能，罹患者出现记忆减退、人格改变和自发的躯体急速抽动等症状，最后患者死亡。
Prions cause a number of fatal diseases such as mad cow disease in cattle, scrapie in sheep and kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans.
朊病毒是一种畸形的蛋白质，导致一些致命的疾病：如疯牛病，羊痒病，人类库鲁和克雅氏病(CJD, vCJD)。
F.F.I. is caused by anaccumulation within the thalamus — the part of the brain that controlssleep regulation — of abnormal proteins called “prions.”
丘脑是大脑中负责睡眠调控的部分，致死性家族性失眠症正是由于一种异常蛋白质“朊蛋白”在丘脑中的累积产生的。
One possible approach to fighting the diseases involves knocking out the presence of prions altogether, including both the normal and abnormal forms.
战胜这些疾病的一个可能的途径就是完全破坏普粒子的出现，包括正常和非正常的。
The test tube is obviously an unnatural situation, but it shows that prions can leap the species barrier without the aid of any other infectious agent.
显然在试管里的情况是一种非自然状态，但是这项研究表明朊蛋白能在不借助于任何其它传染媒介的情况下跨越物种障碍。
"Because there is no myelin damage at birth, we assumed prions are needed to maintain the quality of the myelin sheath, which diminishes throughout life," says Aguzzi.
因为老鼠在出生时没有髓磷脂损害，我们假设这种蛋白是为了维持髓磷脂的质量，并且在整个生命周期内会逐渐减小。
By carefully measuring the rate at which proteasomes laboured, she found a clear correlation: as the clumps of prions in the sample got bigger, the proteasomes slowed down.
通过测试这些水解酶的工作速率，她发现了一个清晰的关系：当标本中的朊病毒团变大时水解酶的工作便慢了下来。
The resilience of misfolded prions appears to be a key reason why chronic wasting disease has persisted and spread from its presumed starting point near Fort Collins, Colo.
结构异常的普恩蛋白适应力强，可能是慢性消耗病存续并扩散的关键因素。
Recently scientists have started to think that prions might also disrupt the rubbish-disposal system, and that such interference might explain how they destroy nerve cells in the brain.
最近科学家也开始怀疑干扰废物处理系统的元凶也是朊病毒，而且这样的干扰也可以解释他们如何摧毁大脑的神经细胞。
Overall, prions may not be highly resistant to reprocessing methods, depending on the process used, and efficacy against prions does not imply that other micro-organisms have been inactivated.
总之，在反复处理的过程中，阮病毒可能不是如此的有耐受性，这取决于使用何种方法。而且阮病毒灭活后也不能说明其他微生物也被灭活。
Overall, prions may not be highly resistant to reprocessing methods, depending on the process used, and efficacy against prions does not imply that other micro-organisms have been inactivated.
总之，在反复处理的过程中，阮病毒可能不是如此的有耐受性，这取决于使用何种方法。而且阮病毒灭活后也不能说明其他微生物也被灭活。
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