Panksepp has studied rats and found that when they play, they often chirp—a primitive form of laughter, according to the scientist.
潘克塞普曾对老鼠进行了相关研究，他发现，当老鼠玩耍的时候，他们经常发出一种唧唧喳喳很尖的声音——根据科学家表示，这是笑的一种原始形态。
Feathers in their most primitive form were single filaments, resembling quills, that jutted from reptilian skin.
最原始的羽毛是单纤维，类似于刚毛，从爬行动物的皮肤上突出来。
Panksepp has studied rats and found that when they "play, " they often chirp--a primitive form of laughter, according to the scientist.
潘克塞普曾对老鼠进行了相关研究，他发现，当老鼠“玩耍”的时候，他们经常发出一种唧唧喳喳很尖的声音，而这则是笑的一种原始形态。
Dr Denise Herzing and colleagues at the Wild Dolphin Project in Jupiter, Florida, established a shared, primitive form of language using sounds, symbols and props.
丹尼丝·赫茨博士进行了一项关于野生海豚的计划，用声音、符号与道具在人类与海豚之间建立起交流的“语言”。
At present, students have to feed it chemicals to keep going but he hopes it will be both evolving and self-sustaining within a couple of years -a primitive form of synthetic life.
目前，研究者必须给它喂食化学物质，让它维持，但他希望，两年内，这个人造化学体系不仅能进化，还能自我维持，成为一种原始的合成生命形态。
This primitive form of placer mining is still used in some places for panning gold.
这种原始的砂矿开采形式至今还在一些地方用来淘金。
And so this function of emotions suggests that, in addition to any other purpose they serve, they're a kind of primitive form of communication.
情感的这一功能就表示除了其他作用之外，情感也是一种原始的表达方式。
WE now come to another discovery made by Morgan, which is at least as important as the reconstruction of the family in its primitive form from the systems of consanguinity.
我们现在来谈一谈摩尔根的另一发现，这一发现至少与他根据亲属制度恢复原始家庭形式有着同等重要的意义。
At present, students have to feed it chemicals to keep going but he hopes it will be both evolving and self-sustaining within a couple of years - a primitive form of synthetic life.
目前，研究者必须给它喂食化学物质，让它维持，但他希望，两年内，这个人造化学体系不仅能进化，还能自我维持，成为一种原始的合成生命形态。
Progress in brain science will also force a confrontation with the fact that the common interpretation of pathological behavior is often informed by a primitive form of dualism.
脑科学的进步还将和我们通常对病理行为的二元论阐述发生冲突。
Progress in brain science will also force a confrontation with the fact that the common interpretation of pathological behavior is often informed by a primitive form of dualism.
脑科学的进步还将和我们通常对病理行为的二元论阐述发生冲突。
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