The presentation tier (not the focus of this article) USES the Struts framework.
表示层(并非本文的重点)使用Struts框架。
These services create a model that the presentation tier consumes to create a view to send to a client.
这些服务创建一个模型，表示层利用此模型来创建一个发送到客户机的视图。
This section describes considerations relating to the use of Spring in the Web-based presentation tier.
本部分介绍与在基于Web的表示层中使用Spring相关的注意事项。
The Domain Model divides into three portions: a presentation tier, an application tier, and a data tier.
领域模型把应用划分成三个部分：表现层，应用层和数据层。
Then you design the application including the integration between the presentation tier and the content services tier.
然后您设计包含呈现层和内容服务层之间的集成的应用程序。
The data tier cannot be accessed directly from the client in the presentation tier.
数据层不能从表示层中的客户端直接访问。
This model is composed of three tiers: data tier, application tier and presentation tier.
模型框架结构分为数据层、应用服务层和视图层。
The middle tier defines an interface that specifies how the presentation tier accesses the data.
中间层会定义一个接口，用于指定表示层访问数据的方式。
The presentation tier never sends or receives query variables directly to or from the middle tier.
表示层从不直接向中间层发送查询变量，也从不直接从中间层接收查询变量。
This is because changes that were made to entities on the presentation tier are not tracked on the middle tier.
这是因为在表示层上对实体所做的更改不会在中间层上进行跟踪。
The presentation tier is the interface from the servers to the client, and is responsible for formatting the output so that it can be displayed on the client.
表示层是从服务器到客户机的接口，它负责控制输出的格式，让输出可以在客户机上显示。
This experience approximates the mixed architecture, but is simpler to implement because the presentation tier and application logic are always against the local database.
这种体验比较接近混合架构，但实现起来更加简单，因为表示层和应用程序逻辑始终是针对本地数据库的。
If the same line of code executes in the presentation tier, the value of size variable is 0 if the default lazy fetching configuration for one-to-many associations is in use.
如果使用默认懒加载(lazy)配置的一对多关联，并在表示层中执行同一行代码，size变量的值为0。
However, if you must use original values for optimistic concurrency checks, then the presentation tier is responsible for tracking those values and sending them back when it makes updates.
但是，如果必须使用原始值进行开放式并发检查，则表示层在其进行更新时负责跟踪这些值并将这些值发送回去。
Many of these plug-ins are community-driven, the result of people wanting to use Grails with their presentation-tier technology of choice.
许多插件都是由社区驱动的，是那些希望将Grail与他们喜欢的表示层技术一起使用的人们的努力结果。
SCA does not offer an alternative presentation-tier technology.
SCA并没有提供可供选择的表现层技术。
SCA does not offer an alternative presentation-tier technology.
SCA并没有提供可供选择的表现层技术。
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