When we talk about orbitals in multi-electron atoms, they're actually lower in energy than the corresponding H atom orbitals.
当我们讨论多电子原子的轨道时，它们的能量实际上比对应的氢原子轨道要低。
Doing those probability density dot graphs, we can get an idea of the shape of those orbitals, and we know that they're spherically symmetrical.
通过那些概率密度图，我们可以知道轨道的形状，我们知道它们是球形对称的。
这是原子轨道。
让我们占据这些轨道。
What will we call that in terms of orbitals?
我们从轨道的角度，怎么命名它？
It's increased compared to the atomic orbitals.
相比原子轨道它应该更高。
I have two electrons now to occupy the p-orbitals.
如果P轨道有分布了两个电子。
What is the filling sequence of electrons in orbitals?
什么是电子在轨道上的排布顺序呢？
And then we are going to construct molecular orbitals.
接着我们就建立分子轨道。
Electrons fill orbitals from lowest energy to highest energy.
电子从最低能级到最高能级，填满轨道。
Linear combination of atomic orbitals into molecular orbitals.
原子轨道的线性叠加，成分子轨道。
This is the clouds or the orbitals, electron cloud interactions.
这就是电子云或轨道电子云相互影响。
So, this forms a tetrahedron, which forms the sp3 hybrid orbitals.
这就形成了一个四面体，它是由sp3杂化轨道形成的。
When we're talking about orbitals, we're talking about wave functions.
当我们说轨道的时候，我们说的是波函数。
This means we need a total of eight electrons in our molecular orbitals.
这意味着分子轨道里，一共有八个点子。
But keep in mind sigma orbitals have no nodal planes along the bond axis.
但记住sigma轨道沿着，键轴方向是没有节点的。
So now we have to include both the 1 s orbitals and also the 2 s orbitals.
所以我们现在要，包括1s轨道和2s轨道。
And these orbitals arise from the combination of individual atomic orbital.
这些轨道起源于，每个原子轨道的组合。
So we'll see specifically why it is that the s orbitals are lower in energy.
所以我们会特别地看到，为什么s轨道的能量是较低的。
Pi orbitals are a molecular orbital that have a nodal plane through the bond axis.
轨道是沿着键轴,有节面的分子轨道。
So we can add three hydrogen atoms here, and fill in our other orbitals right here.
我们可以加三个氢原子到这里，填满其它的轨道。
Well, essentially what that tells is that these s orbitals are spherically symmetrical.
实际上它告诉我们，这些s轨道，是球对称的。
All right, so let's consider our methane situation now that we have our hybrid orbitals.
好，让我们考虑甲烷的情形，既然我们有了杂化轨道。
We'd started on Monday talking about radial probability distributions for the s orbitals.
我们从星期一开始讨论了，s轨道的径向概率分布。
So in molecular orbital theory, what we did was we named orbitals based on their symmetry.
在分子轨道理论中，我们基于轨道的对称性给它们命名。
But when we think about where anti-bonding orbitals should be, it should be higher in energy.
但当我们讨论反键轨道的时候，它的能量应该更高。
And again, we have the pairing of the unpaired electrons, and we have two orbitals coming together.
同样，我们有未配对电子的配对，我们有两个轨道结合。
Each of these orbitals can have two electrons in them, so we get two electrons here, here, and here.
在每个轨道里面都有两个电子，所以我们有两个电子在这里，这里这里。
Electrons will occupy orbitals in order of ascending energy, occupying the lowest energy first and up.
电子是按其能量递增顺序，排布在轨道上的，首先占满第一级，即最低能级。
And to do this we're going to introduce valence bond theory, and the idea of hybridization of orbitals.
在这之前我们要引入价电子成键理论，和杂化轨道的概念。
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