Indeed, there has hardly ever been a fortune created without a monopoly of some sort, or at least an oligopoly.
事实上，几乎没有任何一种财富可以脱离某种形式的垄断而被创立，最少也以寡头的形式。
Back then, big American firms enjoyed the luxury of oligopoly, he says, which gave them the ability to be socially responsible.
那时侯，美国大公司享尽了垄断的种种好处，它们有能力承担社会责任。
According to the report, increasing imports in concentrated industries from zero to 25 percent of domestic sales reduces oligopoly profit mark-ups by 8 percent through lower prices to consumers.
报告认为，在集中化程度高的行业把进口额占国内销售额的比例从零增加到25%可以通过降低消费价格将寡头垄断的利润率降低8%。
The emerging electricity market worldwide is more akin to oligopoly than perfect market competition due to several inherent characteristics of the power industry.
电力工业所固有的特征使得电力市场更接近于寡头垄断市场。
Cartel was an important collusive way of firms in the oligopoly market.
卡特尔是寡头垄断市场中厂商的一种重要勾结形式。
The cabling market is a typical oligopoly market mainly Shared by several foreign manufacturers.
布线市场属于寡头垄断市场结构，主要市场份额为几家国外厂商占据。
In concentration ratios Chinese liner shipping market has reached the extent of medium oligopoly.
从市场集中度指数可以认为我国班轮运输市场已经达到中型寡头垄断程度。
This paper studies the oligopoly with the existence of both network externality and economy of scale.
研究网络外部性与规模经济性共同存在的情况下市场的变化。
And the appearance of this efficient equilibrium depends on the formation of oligopoly in audit market.
而这一有效均衡点的出现取决于审计市场中寡头垄断型市场结构的形成。
The electricity market in most countries and regions has shown typical characteristics of an oligopoly market.
大多数国家和地区的发电市场都表现出典型的寡头垄断市场特征。
Currently, the primary problem of China's industrial organization is a too small scale rather than excessive oligopoly.
当前，中国产业组织的首要问题是规模过小，而不是垄断过度。
The network physical constraints pose very specific problems to market power analysis in the oligopoly electricity markets.
电力传输网络的物理约束对寡头竞争性电力市场中发电商市场力行为的研究提出了特殊问题。
So it can avoid brutal price competition effectively and guide the oligopoly enterprises how to implement the pricing strategy positively.
从而能够有效地避免“价格战”及其所导致的寡头企业的恶性竞争，对寡头企业如何实施产品定价策略具有重要意义。
In competitive electricity market, oligopoly and transmission congestion lead to the reduction of the operational efficiency of the market.
在竞争性电力市场中，寡头垄断特性以及输电阻塞的存在会降低市场的运行效率。
For a long time, the petroleum industrial organization has been lower in efficiency, the result of lacking in market structure of oligopoly.
长期以来，石油产业组织效率低下，一个很重要的原因是没有形成寡占型市场结构。
The inefficient quality selection and welfare levels entail the breaking up oligopoly and introducing competition in China telecommunications industry.
寡头垄断在产品质量选择和定价方面的扭曲，说明了电信行业打破垄断、引入竞争的必要性。
Therefore, there is a need to analyze tax burden under differentiated tax rate under three market conditions, namely perfect competition, monopoly and oligopoly.
为此，有必要对在完全竞争、垄断和寡头三种市场情形时，有差异税率条件下的税收归宿问题进行研究。
The actual electricity market is more likely an oligopoly market than a perfect competitive market and the power suppliers can obtain excess profits by strategic bidding.
实际的电力市场往往更接近于寡头市场，发电厂商可以通过策略性的报价获得超额利润。
Stability of equilibrium in an oligopoly market has important implications. This paper focuses on the stability condition of equilibrium by using contraction mapping and fixed point principle.
在一个由少数制造商控制的市场中，平衡点的稳定性有着重要的应用。本文应用压缩映照及不动点原理给出平衡点稳定的一些条件。
Microeconomic theory suggests that competition is efficient while monopoly is inefficient in spite of the fact that oligopoly has become the main stream of the structure of industrial organization.
微观经济理论认为竞争是有效的、垄断是无效的。但寡头垄断已成为产业组织结构的主流。
The calculated indexes of CR4 and IHH show that Guangdong's newspaper market dominated by four newspaper groups, including issuing market and advertisement market, belongs to the style of oligopoly.
通过计算CR_4和I_HH两个指数，得到的结果都表明广东报业市场结构，无论是发行市场，还是广告市场都属于高度寡占型，基本由四大报业集团垄断。
Oligopoly market structure, occupying the leading position in modern economy, is characterized by its high efficiency that has a multidimensional feature.
寡头垄断市场结构是一种在现代经济中居于主导地位，同时又具有较高效率的市场结构形式。
Oligopoly market structure, occupying the leading position in modern economy, is characterized by its high efficiency that has a multidimensional feature.
寡头垄断市场结构是一种在现代经济中居于主导地位，同时又具有较高效率的市场结构形式。
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