The OOAD class focuses upon the technical details of developing object-oriented systems.
OOAD 课程关注于开发面向对象系统的技术细节。
When compared to the flexibility of a logical system, physical level object-oriented systems appear brittle.
与逻辑层系统的灵活性相比，物理层的面向对象的系统显得有些脆弱。
Many tools can help you in creating a good database schema, just as many tools can assist in designing object-oriented systems.
许多工具都能帮助您创建良好的数据库模式，就好像许多工具都能协助设计面向对象的系统一样。
UML is a tried and tested modeling tool for object-oriented systems, and it is attractive for developers, business analysts, and vendors as a medium for designing XML schemas.
UML是一种经过试验和测试的用于面向对象系统的建模工具，作为设计XML模式的一种媒介，它对开发人员、业务分析人员和供应商都极具吸引力。
Dan has over 20 years of experience in research and commercial distributed computing ranging over transaction and object-oriented systems, programming languages, messaging, and database systems.
Dan在商业分布式计算技术的研究方面有20多年的经验，涉及的领域包括面向事务和对象的系统、编程语言、消息传递和数据库系统。
Interfaces are fundamental in object-oriented systems.
接口是面向对象系统的基础。
This substitutability is known as polymorphism, and it's a key concept in object-oriented systems.
这种替代被称为多态。这是在面向对象系统中一个关键的概念。
Schema evolution is a key problem in object-oriented systems because the dynamic nature of typical OODB applications calls for frequent changes in the schema.
模式演化是OO系统中一个很关键的问题。由于OODB的应用具有动态特征，因而模式要经常改动。
There are many rules in object-oriented systems, which describe the characters of business flow control, data-processing criterion, information filtering strategy and so on.
规则大量存在于面向对象系统中，反映了诸如业务流程控制、数据处理准则、信息过滤策略等特点。
But object-oriented technology has no ability of reasoning itself, so it is always an interesting point of research to integrate the rule-based technology into object-oriented systems.
但由于面向对象技术本身不具备规则推理能力，因此将现有的基于规则技术集成到面向对象系统中成为一个研究的兴趣点。
This article presents a version of method three in which the test design pattern, Combinational Function test (Object-Oriented Systems Models, Patterns, and Tools) is implemented.
本文介绍了一个方法三的版本，其中实现了设计模式CombinationalFunctionTest。
Object-oriented systems consist of objects that communicate by sending messages to (or, more specifically, executing methods on) other objects. Figure 1 represents an object-oriented system.
面向对象系统是由对象所组成的，这些对象通过向其他对象发送消息(或更具体的来说，对其他对象执行方法)来进行通信。
Object-oriented systems consist of objects that communicate by sending messages to (or, more specifically, executing methods on) other objects. Figure 1 represents an object-oriented system.
面向对象系统是由对象所组成的，这些对象通过向其他对象发送消息(或更具体的来说，对其他对象执行方法)来进行通信。
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