Mind Matters editor Gareth Cook recently talked with Dehaene about how the art of reading reveals the fundamental relationship between our cultural inventions and our evolved brain.
《心智问题》(Mind Matters)杂志主编GarethCook最近采访了Dehaene，讨论了阅读艺术是如何泄露了人类文化产物和我们大脑进化之间最根本的关系。
It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles.
它迫使大脑解决内部冲突，给大脑一个锻炼，增强其认知肌肉。
The idea of treating maladies of the mind by blasting the brain with noise sounds, to the layman, like kicking a television set in order to repair it.
用噪音轰击大脑来治疗精神疾病的设想，对外行来说，就犹如用拳打脚踢的方式修理电视机一般。
Now, however, Dr. Hirsch says she joyfully embraces “the astonishing unity of the physical brain and the mind” for the potential it clearly holds for improving the lot of humankind.
但现在，赫希博士表示，自己已经欣喜的接纳了“物质大脑和思想不可思议的一致性”，因为这样的发现使人类的整体改进成为了可能。
Solving puzzles can help your brain to stay flexible, and a sharp mind is better at retaining information.
玩智力游戏拼图可以让你的头脑变得更加灵活，头脑敏锐能更好的帮助记忆信息。
In the last part, Mind-brain relation based on the token-token identity theory is the basis of cognitive essence.
在福多的认知哲学思想部分中，心脑关系是认知本质的理论基础，这种心脑关系是建立在符号同一论的观点之上的。
Your mind is already comfortable with these activities, which lessens the benefit it has on your brain.
你的头脑已经对这些活动感到舒适了，这减少了它对你大脑的益处。
Scientists can't "steal" coherent thoughts from the brain like Leonardo DiCaprio's character does in Inception, but they can use technology to nab the images your mind sees.
虽然科学家不能像莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥在《盗梦空间》中扮演的角色那样从大脑中“偷盗”连贯的思想，但是他们能利用技术抓取你的大脑看到的影像。
Apparently, teachers who are (admirably) enthusiastic about expanding their knowledge of the mind and brain have trouble separating fact from fiction as they learn.
显然，(以令人钦佩的精神)积极扩展自己在大脑和思维方面的知识的老师们在学习的过程中没能把事实跟错误的假想区分开来。
The mind, we now know, is not confined to the brain but is distributed throughout the body's universe of cells.
我们现在知道，思想活动并不局限在脑部，而是遍布全身范围的细胞中。
"We found some very significant and profound changes in their brain just at rest, particularly in the areas of the brain that help us to focus our mind and to focus our attention," he says.
他说到：“我们在他们休息期的大脑中发现了一些十分明显的而且具有深远意义的改变，特别是在帮助我们集中思想和注意力的大脑区域。”
When your mind is dull, alternate nostril breathing brings equal amounts of oxygen to both sides of the brain for improving brain function.
当你头脑迟钝时，交替鼻孔呼吸给大脑两边带来等量的氧气，以改善大脑功能。
Such ideas are being explored with brain scans which suggest that even if a low level of pain is being sent to the brain, the signal can be turned up by the “mind” itself.
这样一个想法是通过脑扫描得出的，它反映出即使传输给大脑的是一个很小的疼痛，但是这个信号仍可以在脑海中被放大。
Whereas if the brain is free from its anchorage, from its attachment, then it can penetrate, because a mind that is free can only penetrate - right?
反之，如果头脑从它的依赖，从它的执着中解脱出来，那么它就能够洞察，因为一个自由的头脑只会洞察——对吗？
“Once the brain has a goal in mind, it tunes the perceptual system to search the environment” for relevant clues, said Steven Sloman, a cognitive scientist at Brown University.
一旦大脑有了一个目标，它会调整知觉系统向周围环境搜寻相关的线索。StevenSloman，这位布朗大学的认知科学家如是说。
Well, then, how do you apply these relationships to our discussion on the mind and the brain?
嗯，那么这和脑和心识的问题有什么关系呢？
You may have heard that you only have a few seconds to make a first impression, but the truth is, your brain has made up its mind (so to speak) about a person within milliseconds of meeting them.
也许你曾经听说过你只有短短的几秒钟就能留下第一印象，但事实上是，你的大脑已经在遇见他们后的几毫秒内就决定了(以此去评判)一个人的印象。
Research published in recent years has shown that running changes your brain and mind in some fascinating ways, from increasing your brain function to regulating your emotions.
近年来发表的研究表明，跑步以一些有趣的方式改变了你的大脑和思维，从增强大脑功能到调节情绪。
My contention is that the brain can do all that, and, therefore, a functioning brain is identical to a conscious mind.
我所要表达的是，大脑能做那一切，因此，正常运转的大脑是与思维意识相一致的。
He stresses that science is especially important for monastics who study the nature of the mind and the relationship between mind and brain.
他强调，对研究精神本质以及精神和大脑关系的僧人来说，科学是尤其重要。
Build a conceptual model or two of the human psyche, and then experiment with a number of scenarios on how technologies might impact the basic human mind, brain, and condition.
如下是我们人性研究网站的宗旨：建立一至二个研究人类心理的概念模型，并通过若干情景实验，研究技术如何对人类心理、大脑和身体状况产生影响。
Now, a new study suggests that gut bacteria can even mess with the mind, altering brain chemistry and changing mood and behavior.
现在，一份新的研究报告显示，肠道细菌甚至可以搞乱人的心智、改变大脑的化学状态并调节人的情绪和行为。
The mind reflects the workings of the brain just like computation reflects the working of a computer.
心理反映了大脑的活动，就像运算结果反映了计算机的运行一样。
But it isclear that the only thing in the head is the brain, and that the mind, in thedeepest of senses, is elsewhere.
不过，我们清楚的是：颅腔内只有脑，而意识（从深层次意义上说）却在别的什么地方。
Alternate nostril breathing calms an agitated mind, oxygenates your body, balances both hemispheres of the brain and balances your nervous systems.
鼻孔交替呼吸可以安抚你焦虑不安的心情，使身体充分供氧，平衡左半脑和右半脑，均衡你的神经系统。
The researchers are now looking at whether people with autism have irregular activity in the brain region on which the theory of mind centers.
研究者目前正在观察自闭症患者在“心智理论”相关大脑区域是否有不规则活动。
While the tricks are helpful in learning things like lists, and they exercise your brain, the underlying aid to mind exercise is to focus on what you're looking at or thinking about.
这些技巧有利于记住如名单等一些东西，同时它们锻炼了你的大脑，这个思维锻炼的潜在手段能够使你的注意力集中在所看所想的东西上。
Many people, most of whom would not regard themselves as dualists, think of the brain as being like a computer, and the mind as being like a piece of software that runs on that computer.
很多不认为自己是二元主义者的人也认为大脑像一部机器，而思维则像一件件在电脑上运行的软件。
If this is the case, how do you explain the effect of the brain on the mind I just discussed above?
如果这样，怎么解释我刚才说的大脑对心识的影响呢？
Mind Flex relies on EEG technology to measure brain wave activity through a headset equipped with sensors for the forehead and earlobes.
MindFlex依靠EEG技术去测量脑电波活动，这需要通过一副头式设备实现，上面安有需分别戴在前额和耳垂的传感器。
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