For about 20 years now, CPUs have increased exponentially in speed, while main memory has weakly linearly increased in speed.
近20年来，CPU的速度呈指数式快速增长，而主内存的增长慢得多，大致是直线式的。
As a result, data is continually written and read from disk rather than from main memory, which is very detrimental to performance.
导致的结果是不断地从磁盘而非主内存读写数据，这是影响性能的重要限制因素。
Every location in main memory is numbered with a sequential numeric address by which the memory location is referred.
主存中的每个位置都使用连续的数字地址编号，内存位置就使用这个地址来引用。
The SPU queues a DMA GET to pull a portion of the problem data set from main memory to a buffer.
SPU对DMA GET进行排队，从而将涉及的数据集的一部分从主内存传输到一个缓冲区。
Due to the latency difference between main memory and on-chip memory cache, POWER7 was designed with three levels of on-chip cache (see Figure 1).
由于主内存和芯片级内存缓存之间的延迟差别，POWER 7设计了三种级别的芯片级缓存机制(见图1)。
When a program writes to memory, the processor only modifies the line in the cache, but does not update main memory.
当一个程序写入存储，处理器仅仅只会修改缓存线，而不会更新主要的存储内容。
The SPEs access main storage with direct memory access (DMA) commands that move data and instructions between main storage and a private local memory, called a local store or local storage (LS).
SPE用直接内存访问（DMA）命令访问主存储器，可以在主存储器与称为本地库或本地存储（LS）的私有本地内存之间移动数据和指令。
Furthermore, compressed pages of a DB2 table space remain compressed in the DB2 buffer pool in main memory.
而且DB 2表空间的压缩页在主内存的db2缓冲池中仍保持压缩。
For example, data structures and access methods are specifically optimized to work on data that is located in main memory.
比如，数据结构和访问方法专门针对位于主内存中的数据进行了优化。
For DB2, the largest consumer of system main memory is its buffer pool, which is basically a single, large Shared memory region.
对于DB2，系统主存的最大消耗者是它的缓冲池，这个缓冲池基本上是一个单独的、较大的共享内存区域。
The SPU queues a DMA PUT to transmit the buffer back to main memory.
SPU对DMA PUT进行排队，从而将缓冲区传输回主内存。
The existing JMM says that volatile reads and writes are to go directly to main memory, prohibiting caching values in registers and bypassing processor-specific caches.
现有JMM 表明易失性的读和写是直接和主存打交道的，这样避免了把值存储到寄存器或者绕过处理器特定的缓存。
Committed pages are loaded into main memory only when the process first references them. Hence the name on-demand paging.
提交的页只有在第一次被引用时才装入主存，因此成为请求式分页。
The SPE cannot read main memory directly, but instead must import and export data between the local store and main memory using DMA commands to a unit called the memory flow controller, or MFC.
SPE不能直接读取主存，相反地必须通过对内存流控制器(或mfc)的单元使用dma命令来在本地存储和主存之间导入和导出数据。
After each data processing step, you set up both a PUT to transfer the data to main memory and a GET to get the next batch of data.
在每个数据处理步骤之后，设置一个PUT（将数据传输到主内存）和一个 GET（获得下一组数据）。
And remember that this memory modification will need to trickle down from L1 to L2 cache, and then to main memory.
不要忘了，这时对内存的修改需要先从L1写入l2高速缓存、然后才写入主存。
EA stands for effective address, which is a main memory address as viewed from the main PPE program.
EA表示有效地址，这是从主ppe程序中看到的主存地址。
The SPU queues a DMA GET to pull a portion of the problem data set from main memory into buffer #2.
SPU 对DMA GET 进行排队，从而将涉及的数据集的另一部分从主内存传输到二号缓冲区。
After the memory allocation in main , where is the namestr variable used and overwritten?
当这个内存分配在main后，namestr变量会在什么地方被使用和编写呢？
But the same code died horribly when someone introduced a 68030 machine with main memory starting at 0x8000000.
但是当将相同的代码移植到一台主存地址从0x8000000开始的68030机器上时，这些代码就会死掉。
If the data or instruction is not present in the cache, or if the cache line is invalidated, the CPU updates its cache by reading the data from the main memory.
如果数据或指令没有出现在高速缓存中，或者如果高速缓存线路无效的时候，CPU通过从主存储器中读数据来更新它的高速缓存。
As the word and letters are entered, they are displayed in the CRT screen and stored in main memory of the personal computer.
当字母和单词被输入以后，它们显示在阴极射线管屏幕上，并且存储在计算机在主存中。
Because data is replicated across the cluster, each server in the cluster has enough main memory to store the entire context data.
由于数据在整个集群中进行复制，集群中的每个服务器都有足够的主存来存储整个上下文数据。
However, remember that they point to memory in the main storage of the application (an effective address), not to the SPE's local store.
但请记住它们指向在应用程序主存储内的内存(有效地址)，而非到SPE的本地存储。
All motherboards include a small piece of Read Only memory (ROM) which is separate from the main system memory used for loading and running software.
所有的主板都包括了一小块的只读存储器rom，它与用于载入和运行软件的主系统内存分离。
By allowing fast access to frequently used data, software can run much faster than if it had accessed the data from the main memory.
由于允许对频繁使用的数据进行快速存取，软件运行要比从主存储器中存取数据快得多。
A TLB miss requires accessing a page table that is stored in the main memory, which consumes considerably more processor cycles.
如果TLB没有命中，那么就需要访问存储在主存中的页表，而这样做需要消耗相当多的处理器周期。
In addition, the middleware can manage these caches to reduce pressure on main memory and copy them between processors to improve workload management.
此外，中间件还可以对这些缓存进行管理，从而减少主存的压力，并能在处理器之间复制这些信息，以改善工作负载管理。
In addition, the middleware can manage these caches to reduce pressure on main memory and copy them between processors to improve workload management.
此外，中间件还可以对这些缓存进行管理，从而减少主存的压力，并能在处理器之间复制这些信息，以改善工作负载管理。
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