After the routine anesthesia induction, nasotracheal intubation was performed with the GSVL, MDLS, and FOB, respectively.
常规麻醉诱导后，分别采用GSVL、MDLS或FOB实施经鼻气管插管操作。
Conclusion The hemodynamic responses to nasotracheal intubation are most severe with FOB, followed by MDLS, and then GSVL.
结论 实施经鼻气管插管时的血流动力学反应在采用FOB时最强，MDLS次之，GSVL最轻。
Conclusion The hemodynamic responses to nasotracheal intubation are most severe with FOB, followed by MDLS, and then GSVL.
结论 实施经鼻气管插管时的血流动力学反应在采用FOB时最强，MDLS次之，GSVL最轻。
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