The traditional value chain for books and printed material was linear with well-defined roles.
传统图书和印刷出版物的价值链是直线式的，作用清晰可辩。
The paper thus proposes three methods to measure the indirect cost: material equity, economic added value, and stepwise chain comparison.
在此基础上，文章提出了财务危机间接成本估量的三种方法：实物期权法、经济附加值法以及逐期环比对比法。
The blade cost takes up 20% of the whole costs. The blade cost and performance is determined by blade material choosing and the value chain.
叶片的材料选择和价值链构成，决定了叶片的成本和叶片的性能表现。
The blade cost takes up 20% of the whole costs. The blade cost and performance is determined by blade material choosing and the value chain.
叶片的材料选择和价值链构成，决定了叶片的成本和叶片的性能表现。
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