But the structures in the real world are more complicated than the four ideal market structures.
但现实中存在的市场结构形态要远比这四种市场结构复杂。
Which of these e . ects dominates and which set of vertical restraints will be adopted depend critically on the informational environment and on the vertical and horizontal market structures.
哪种效应会占主导和哪类纵向约束会被采用严格取决于信息环境和纵向与横向的市场结构。
The view that competitive market structure is most helpful to motivate R&D is verified by this paper by comparing different market structures without R&D rivalry.
在无专利竞赛下，通过对不同市场结构下企业R& D动力的比较，本文认为竞争性市场结构有利于激励企业的技术创新。
And in the different market structures, the comparative stronger between competition and monopoly factor and the position of the producers decides the compatibility strategy.
而在不同市场结构中，竞争和垄断因素的相对强弱以及厂商所处的地位决定了兼容策略的取舍。
Examples of this include exaggerated declines in asset prices, high risk aversion for a prolonged period, and market structures that allow normal market volatility to turn into financial instability.
这方面的例子包括夸大资产价格的下跌、长时期地高规避风险以及允许正常波动转变成金融不稳定的各种市场结构。
And the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) published a paper entitled "Market Structures and Systemic Risks of Exchange-Traded Funds".
国际清算银行发表了一篇名为“交易所买卖基金的市场结构和系统风险”的文章。
And the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) published a paper entitled "Market Structures and Systemic Risks of Exchange-Traded Funds".
国际清算银行发表了一篇名为“交易所买卖基金的市场结构和系统风险”的文章。
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