In the absence of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could yield strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.
在没有工作的情况下，一个怀揣着其他宗旨的社会可能会在未来的劳动与休闲方面产生截然不同的情形。
Certainly, the limitations imposed by manual labor and the locally available materials of mud-brick and timber necessitated a divergence from the original European church model.
当然，由于手工劳动和当地可利用的泥砖和木材等材料的限制，与最初的欧洲教会模式产生了分歧。
Also, skilled artisans did not work by the clock, at a steady pace, but rather in bursts of intense labor alternating with more leisurely time.
同时，技艺纯熟的工匠师傅们并不会按照时间来稳步地安排工作，他们更喜欢享受更多闲暇时间与集中赶工相交替的生产方式。
Labor activists countered these arguments by insisting that health care was a fundamental right that should be guaranteed by government programs.
劳工维权人士反驳了这些论点，坚称医疗保健是一项基本权利，应该得到政府项目的保障。
"I don't have a labor contract," Dou said. "There's no employer-side health insurance. If you insist, no one will hire you here."
“我没有劳动合同，”窦说，“也没有雇主方的医疗保险。如果你坚持要的话，在这里就不会有人雇你。”
Feelings of hopelessness among medieval workers trapped in the poverty cycle gradually lessened as it became possible for women's labor to supplement a family's money income by more than pennies.
受困于贫穷周期的中世纪工人的绝望情绪逐渐减轻，因为妇女的劳动可以为家庭的金钱收入补贴几便士。
Students themselves, however, may not realize that when they graduate, they will be competing in a global labor market, and universities need to raise awareness of these issues amongst undergraduates.
然而，学生自己可能没有意识到，当他们毕业时，他们将在全球劳动力市场中竞争，而大学需要加强本科生对这些问题的认识。
The 1950s saw a growing number of women engaged in farm labor, even though rhetoric in the popular media called for the return of women to domestic life.
在20世纪50年代，尽管大众媒体呼吁妇女回归家庭生活，但越来越多的妇女从事农业劳动。
An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.
非自愿兼职工作的增加是劳动力市场疲软的证据，这意味着许多人将很难做到收支平衡。
By and large, nomadism implies a high degree of self-sufficiency and inhibits the appearance of an extensive division of labor.
总的来说，游牧意味着高度的自给自足，并抑制了广泛劳动分工的出现。
For Braverman, the shape of a technological system is subordinate to the manager's desire to wrest control of the labor process from the workers.
对布雷弗曼来说，技术系统的形态服从于经理从工人手中夺取对劳动过程控制权的愿望。
Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets.
移民提供了廉价劳动力，降低了从农产品到新房等一切商品的价格，让消费者的口袋里能多留一些钱。
In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor.
在2012年的一项调查中，71%的果树种植者和近80%的葡萄干和浆果种植者表示他们劳动力短缺。
The creation of a labor force that was accustomed to working in factories did not occur easily.
培养一批习惯在工厂工作的劳动力并不容易。
If it has to hire a caregiver for every two children, it can't really achieve any economies of scale on labor to save money when other expenses go up.
如果它不得不为每两个孩子雇佣一名看护者，那么当其他费用上涨时，它就无法节约劳动力成本。
Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades.
Z 世代即将走上街头，进入劳动力市场寻找工作，但现在的劳动力市场比几十年前要狭小多了。
Surface acting is a prime example of "emotional labor," a concept that the writer Jess Zimmerman made familiar in a 2015 essay.
表面行为是“情绪劳动”的一个典型例子，作家杰西·齐默尔曼在2015年的一篇文章中让人们熟悉了这一概念。
For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily.
例如，几乎每一份报纸都有一个商业版面，每天报道公司的交易和项目、财务和管理、股票价格和劳工问题。
The structure of many poor women's work—often a labor force of one in an employer's home—makes it difficult for them to organize to improve their economic conditions in general.
许多贫穷妇女的工作结构——往往是雇主家中的劳动力——使她们难以组织起来改善总体经济状况。
Americans believe in spending their time and energy today so that the fruits of their labor may be enjoyed at a later time.
美国人相信，在当下要付出时间和精力，以后才能享受劳动成果。
For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job.
在月度失业数据中，每统计一个人，就会有另一个人因为找不到全职工作而从事兼职工作，或者在劳动力大军之外但想找工作。
In 1938, at the government-convened National Health Conference, organized labor emerged as a major proponent of legislation to guarantee universal health care in the United States.
1938年，在政府召开的全国卫生会议上，有组织的劳工成为立法的主要支持者，以保证美国的全民医疗保健。
This myth leads to the assumption that a company can simply lower its labor costs by cutting wages.
这个神话导致了这样一种假设，即公司可以通过降低工资来降低劳动力成本。
In Labor Day, may our labor bring everyone the fruits of spring. I wish you a happy family.
劳动节愿我们的劳动带给大家春天的回报，祝您全家幸福愉快。
Young adults with a college degree have fared much better in the labor market than their less educated counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households.
拥有大学学历的年轻人在劳动力市场上比受教育程度较低的同龄人表现要好得多，这反过来又让他们更容易建立自己的家庭。
Young adults with a college degree have fared much better in the labor market than their less-educated counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households.
拥有大学学历的年轻人在劳动力市场上表现得比受教育程度较低的同龄人好得多，这反过来又让他们更容易建立自己的家庭。
More productive farmers meant there was a surplus that could feed cities; in turn, that created a pool of labor for factories.
生产力更高的农民意味着可以养活城市的剩余劳动力；反过来，这又为工厂创造了一些劳动力。
Somavia says the International Labor Organization is proposing a global job agreement to deal with unemployment.
索马维亚说，国际劳工组织正在提出一项全球就业协议，以解决失业问题。
The confusion of costs with rates persists partly because labor rates are a convenient target for managers who want to make an impact on their company's budgets.
成本与价格的混淆一直存在，部分原因是人工费率是那些想对公司预算产生影响的管理者的方便目标。
The confusion of costs with rates persists partly because labor rates are a convenient target for managers who want to make an impact on their company's budgets.
成本与价格的混淆一直存在，部分原因是人工费率是那些想对公司预算产生影响的管理者的方便目标。
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