The parameter estimation problem in parameter adjustment model is considered when outliers and ill-conditioning exist simultaneously.

讨论了测量平差中粗差和病态性同时存在时的参数估计问题。

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In the proposed method, virtual measurements are treated as equality constraints, which avoids the numerical ill-conditioning problem due to the disparity in weighting factors.

该方法把虚拟测量处理为等式约束，避免了由于权因子分散而导致的数值病态问题。

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In the proposed method, virtual measurements are treated as equality constraints, which avoids the numerical ill-conditioning problem due to the disparity in weighting factors.

该方法把虚拟测量处理为等式约束，避免了由于权因子分散而导致的数值病态问题。

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