These genomes are the raw material for synthetic biology.
这些基因组是合成生物的原料。
Structure and function of genes, chromosomes and genomes.
基因、染色体与基因组的结构和功能。
Mammal genomes contain thousands of stretches of DNA called LINEs.
哺乳动物基因组包含了数以千计被称为LINEs的大片段DNA。
But that will change once more people have their genomes sequenced, Ley said.
可是，只要越来越多的人进行基因组测序，这个问题就会得到改善，莱依说。
And not only human genomes. Cross-species comparisons are enormously valuable.
除了人类的基因组，交叉物种的对比同样有巨大的价值。
The result is the Torrent chip, a semiconductor device that analyses genomes.
这一想法导致了Torrent芯片，一种可分析基因的半导体的诞生。
As the genomes of species become mixed, adaptive gene combinations will be lost.
随着各物种的基因组开始混合，适应性基因组合便会丧失。
Even their genomes are about 10 percent smaller than in other, similar organisms.
它们的基因组甚至也比其他相似的生物体基因组要少10%左右。
As scientists decode more and more genomes, the tree of life gets pretty complicated.
随着科学家解码的基因组越来越多，生命之树就变得相当复杂。
Comparisons of different genomes show that natural pressures are still doing their thing.
科学家通过对比不同的基因组发现，自然界的压力仍然在发挥作用。
Because of the expense, so far only seven individuals' genomes have been fully sequenced.
由于费用昂贵，目前仅有七个个体基因组完成全测序。
Like other archaeans, their genomes share some similarities with both eukaryotes and bacteria.
像其他古生菌一样，这种古生菌的基因组同时与真核生物和细菌的基因组具有一些相似性。
The foundation is offering $10m to the first team to sequence the genomes of 100 centenarians.
基金会提供了1000万美元的奖金，以奖励第一个排列出一百位百岁老人基因序列的团队。
The “DNA transistor” could make it faster and cheaper to sequence individuals’ complete genomes.
“DNA晶体管”能够使个体全基因组测序更快更省钱。
They aligned sections of the human and chimpanzee genomes and identified how much they diverged.
他们对人类和黑猩猩的基因组上各部分进行核对，并识别出基因组间分化的程度。
The genomes of most major crops have been sequenced and the benefits of that are starting to appear.
主要农作物的大多数基因组序列已经得到测定，其益处也已开始显现。
You could have two genuine species, whose members cannot interbreed, but whose genomes are very similar.
你可能有两个纯正的物种，两者无法通婚，不过他们的基因组非常相近。
After these genomes are synthesized, the first step is just transplanting them into a cell without a genome.
这些基因组合成之后，第一步就是移植到另一个没有基因组的细胞里。
Other times, the desired trait, such as the ability to resist certain pests, can be absent in plant genomes.
而另外的情况下，所需的特征，如能够抵抗某些病虫害的特征，不存在于植物基因组中。
Instead of making new genomes from scratch, Dr Church plans to make lots of parallel changes in existing ones.
切其博士不是从头开始制造新的基因组，而是在已有基因组中进行很多平行的改变。
Using high-precision robots to process each sample, the genomes of 2,500 participants are being analyzed each week.
项目组利用高精度的机器处理每一份样本，每周将分析2500个参与者的基因组。
For now, the researchers have no plans to compare genomes to the most widely-used operating system of all, Windows.
此刻，研究人员尚未计划将基因组与最广泛使用的操作系统Windows进行对比。
The genomes of most important crops have been sequenced only fairly recently, and that of wheat is only partly done.
最重要作物的基因组排序也只是在近期做出，小麦的基因排序才刚刚做了一部分。
They picked out 148 populations to sample, mostly in Europe and Asia, with a few genomes from Africa and Australia.
他们找来了148个族群作为样本，大都来自欧洲和亚洲，也有一些基因组来自非洲和澳洲。
This is relatively fast when there are only a few genomes, but as they grow exponentially, the searches take much longer.
当仅有少数几个基因组时，这种方法相对而言还比较快速；但是随着基因组的个数以指数形式增长时，这种方法需要耗费更长的时间。
This is where the computing comes in. Computers allow individual genomes-all 3 billion base pairs of them-to be compared.
这时需要引入计算机，对个人基因组序列中的30亿组碱基对进行比较。
This is where the computing comes in. Computers allow individual genomes-all 3 billion base pairs of them-to be compared.
这时需要引入计算机，对个人基因组序列中的30亿组碱基对进行比较。
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