Cloning is the replication of an exact genetic copy of an organism by use of a somatic tissue (or cell) from the donor organism.
克隆是利用体细胞组织的一个确切的一个生物体的遗传复制的复制(或细胞)从供体生物。
If a copy of a gene is a bit different from the original, that's called a genetic mutation.
如果一个复制的基因与原来的有些许不同，那就叫做基因突变。
So before we can ask why we are so fascinated by cloning, we have to examine our souls and ask, What exactly so bothers many of us about trying to make an exact copy of our genetic selves?
因此，我们在扪心自问为什么对克隆技术如此着迷之前，不得不首先审视自己的心灵，问一问：究竟是什么东西使得我们中的许多人对于尝试复制与自身基因完全等同的孪生兄弟那么不安？
In the 1950s Anthony Allison, a British biochemist, observed that Africans who carry a single copy of the genetic mutation that causes sickle-cell anaemia are protected against malaria.
英国生化学家AnthonyAllison在20世纪50年代观察到非洲人携带单拷贝的基因突变引起的镰状细胞性贫血保护了他们受到疟疾的侵扰。
Recently geneticists have taken a closer look at a genetic aberration previously considered rare: copy number variation (CNV).
最近遗传学家对以前被认为很罕见的遗传变异：拷贝数变异（copy number variation ，CNV）进行了更细致的研究。
To figure out how the genetic mutation impacts sleep, Fu and her colleagues genetically engineered mice to have either two copies of the mutant gene or just one copy.
为了去弄清楚基因是如何影响睡眠的，Fu和她的同事用基因工程的手段让老鼠携带2个拷贝的变异基因或者一个。
And in 2007 researchers sequenced the genome of genetic pioneer J. Craig Venter and found 62 copy number variations.
而且，研究人员在2007年对遗传学的先驱克雷格·文特尔(J . Craig Venter)的基因组测序发现有62个拷贝数变化。
In H5N1, perhaps the most important of these proteins is RNA polymerase, which contains the instructions that allows the virus to copy itself along with all of its genetic material.
H5N 1中最重要的蛋白质可能是RNA聚合酶，它使病毒以所有自身基因物质而完成自我复制。
Transgenes should be with single copy and without accessory sequence, and with consistence to express and stable genetic in various transgenic plants in a new gene transformation program.
新的转化程序要求把基因导入农艺性状优良的品种中，呈单拷贝、不带有辅助序列，并在不同的转化体中表达一致，稳定遗传。
The yellow chains sticking out of the top is the RNA, a copy of the genetic message.
从RNA聚合酶顶端延伸出的黄色链便是RNA，它是基因信息的一个副本。
First, it reads the genetic material in DNA adjacent to the break and makes a copy of it.
首先它能阅读邻近断裂的DNA内的遗传物质并复制它。
RNA both to carry genetic information, but also to assume the role of catalytic molecules to participate in their own copy.
RNA既携带遗传信息，又承担催化分子的作用，参与自身复制。
Memetic is cultural genetic, which is spreaded by means of copy and imitation.
模因是文化基因，通过复制、模仿而传播。
One study - led by scientists at DeCODE Genetics in Iceland - found that smokers who had one copy of either of the genetic variants smoked more per day than others.
由冰岛基因解密小组的科学家进行的研究发现，拥有任何一种上述两种基因变体的烟民每天吸烟次数比其他人多。
If simulations of interactions between these 10 acids indeed produce molecules that can copy themselves, said Pudritz, then it's possible that they formed a similar ur-genetic code.
如果这10种氨基酸分子相互作用的模拟，可以产生自我复制现象，普瑞兹说，那么它们就有可能组成类似的乌尔遗传密码。
If simulations of interactions between these 10 acids indeed produce molecules that can copy themselves, said Pudritz, then it's possible that they formed a similar ur-genetic code.
如果这10种氨基酸分子相互作用的模拟，可以产生自我复制现象，普瑞兹说，那么它们就有可能组成类似的乌尔遗传密码。
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