Now, the problem is solved by injecting it directly into the cell. Shown here, that's one issue with gene delivery.
现在，这个问题已经通过将其直接注入细胞的方法解决了。如图所示，这是基因传递的一个问题。
Before egg fertilization, the gene produces a protein, found in the cytoplasm of the egg, that controls the pattern of cell division and thus handedness.
卵子受精之前，这种基因会产生一种蛋白质，这种蛋白质存在于卵子的细胞质中，它控制着细胞分裂的模式，从而控制着旋向性。
Sickle-cell anaemia is passed on through a recessive gene.
镰状细胞贫血通过隐性基因遗传给后代。
About half of all melanoma patients have a mutated BRAF gene. This mutation tells the cell to continue to grow.
将近半数的黑色素瘤患者都有BRAF基因突变，从而导致黑色素肿瘤细胞继续生长。
Epigenetics is a type of gene regulation that can be passed from a cell to its daughters.
表型遗传学是一种可以从细胞传递到其子细胞的基因调控方式。
When a cell has high levels of testosterone, RORA levels run low, which affects every gene that RORA is supposed to turn on.
当一个细胞的睾酮水平较高时，RORA基因水平就低，这就影响到RORA基因应该打开的每一个基因。
Whether you inherited an abnormal breast cancer gene or acquired it, if you have one normal gene, that gene will still work to control cell growth and prevent cancer.
无论你具有遗传性还是获得性异常乳癌基因，如果你有一个正常基因，这个基因都仍将运行以控制细胞生长并预防基因。
The proteins that are constructed in the cell are determined, as pointed out above, by the instructions built into the gene.
就像上面所说的，构建好的蛋白质早就通过植入基因的指令而在细胞中形成了。
The team then discovered that a gene alteration stopped a sensory cell on the bugs' antennae from detecting the chemical.
该小组随后发现了一个基因的改变，这一改变阻断了触角上探测这种物质的细胞之间的传感。
But at least in mice, even resveratrol hasn't proven as powerful as rapamycin, which targets a gene that's central to the regulation of cell growth and development.
但甚至小鼠试验，白藜芦醇也尚未证实像雷帕霉素这么有效，针对一个基因来控制细胞的生长和分化。
The gene makes a protein that controls the quantities of other proteins a cell produces, and studies in roundworms suggest that the gene is involved in growth and development throughout life.
这种基因能产生一种蛋白质，这种蛋白质能控制一个细胞能产生的其他蛋白质的数量，而且对蛔虫的研究表明，该基因参与整个生命的生长和发育阶段。
Once they had the right combination, the researchers designed a synthetic gene which codes for a protein that promotes apoptosis, or programmed cell death.
确认了正确的组合之后，研究人员设计了一种合成基因。它对一种能够促成细胞凋亡(一种受控的细胞死亡)的蛋白质进行编码。
Their investigation, just published in Cell, suggests it is the result of a change in the role of a single viral gene, called nef.
他们的调查报告发表在《细胞》杂志上，认为这是一个叫做nef的单独病毒基因的功能发生变异而导致的结果。
By focusing on the energy available per gene, Lane and Martin showed that an average eukaryotic cell can support an astonishing 200,000 times more genes than bacteria.
通过重点研究每个基因可获得的能源，莱恩和马丁表明，一个真核细胞平均惊人地可维持比细菌多20万倍的基因。
They found that the famous tumor suppressor gene, p53, arrested the cell cycle when DADS treatment was present.
他们发现当用DADS治疗时，有名的肿瘤抑制基因p53阻止了细胞循环 。
If the miRNA levels were too high or too low, the gene would not switch on, and the cell would not be killed.
如果miRNA级别太高或者太低，这种基因就不会被激活，当然细胞也不会被杀死。
One obstacle is that in order for the gene called neurogenin3 to bond with a cell it needs to be transported by a virus which could be deadly to humans.
所存在的一个技术障碍是，为将所注射的叫神经配基3（neurogenin3）的基因与肝细胞结合，需要一种病毒来转运该基因，而该病毒对人类可能是致命的。
In the May 29th issue of Cell, scientists report discovering a gene that controls fruit flies' sensitivity to ethanol.
在预期于5月29日出版的《细胞》杂志上，科学家将报告一种新基因的发现，这种基因能够让果蝇远离酒精。
Epigenetics is a type of gene regulation that can be passed from a cell to its daughters. The most common mechanism is methylation.
外因遗传是一种可以传给下一代细胞的基因调控过程，最常见的方式是通过甲基化作用来完成，该作用可以让甲基（由一个碳原子和三个氢原子组成）附着于腺嘌呤或胞嘧啶上。
We have to do in-vitro cell culture experiments first, prove it in an animal model, and then develop a molecule or protein which will affect the mutated gene product.
我们首先得做一个体外细胞培养实验，在动物模型中证明它的存在，然后开发出一种能影响突变基因产物的分子或蛋白质。
One drug specifically targets a mutated gene that tells a cancer cell to grow, the other boosts a patient's immune system in the fight against the disease.
一种治疗药物以突变的基因为靶点，该基因突变后能让肿瘤细胞持续增多。另一种药物能激活病患免疫系统对抗疾病。
The gene, called DNA-PK, appears to regulate the process in the liver that turns carbohydrates into fat, the University of California, Berkeley team reported on Thursday in the journal Cell.
这种叫做DNA-PK的基因，作用看来像似：控制肝脏内将碳水化合物转换成脂肪的过程。加州大学伯克利小组在星期四的细胞杂志内发表这个新观点。
It is now known that genetic variability accounts for 25% of susceptibility to the disease, but that variations in the sickle-cell gene contribute to only a fraction of that.
现在，25 %的对疾病的敏感性被归咎于遗传变异。但在镰细胞基因上的变异仅仅参与了其中的一小部分。
As Jason Kelly, the co-founder of a gene-synthesis firm called Ginkgo BioWorks, observes, there is no equivalent of an electrical engineer's diagram to help unravel what is going on in a cell.
据银杏生物工作室，一个基因融合公司的联合创始人杰森·凯利观察，没有一张电子工程制图能够向人们揭示细胞内部发生的变化。
Approximately 5% of the world's population are healthy carriers of a gene for sickle-cell disease or thalassaemia.
全世界近5%的健康人口携带有镰状细胞病或地中海贫血的基因。
The mutation itself is in a gene for a nerve-cell protein of a type known as an ion channel.
变异的基因是编码一种叫做离子通道的神经细胞蛋白质。
The mutation itself is in a gene for a nerve-cell protein of a type known as an ion channel.
变异的基因是编码一种叫做离子通道的神经细胞蛋白质。
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