After de-layering in this way, a company may be left with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public.
通过这种方式减少层级后，公司可能只剩下最高层管理人员、一线管理人员和与公众直接接触的员工。
They serve as the strategic “knot” that binds top management with front-line managers.
他们是连接最高管理层与一线管理者的关键“结点”。
By the time feedback filters down to front-line managers, it's often too backward-looking to be useful.
当反馈传达给一线管理者时，往往因为滞后而失去了作用。
For those managers who remain, new skills are required to become coaches, supporters, and facilitators of self-managing teams of front-line employees.
对那些留下来的管理者来说，新技巧就要成为我管理式团队中那些一线员工的教练，支持者、推进者。
Department manager of production, management personnel from technical role, new supervisor or front line production managers, etc.
生产相关部门经理、技术转型管理者、新任主管、生产基层管理者等参加。
Department manager of production, management personnel from technical role, new supervisor or front line production managers, etc.
生产相关部门经理、技术转型管理者、新任主管、生产基层管理者等参加。
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