The literature on Technological Gatekeepers goes back to the end of the 60s and refers to studies conducted at firm level.
“新知导入者”这个词可以追溯到60年代末期，涉及到企业层面的科学研究。
One might imagine also conducting formal stress tests, not at the firm level as occurs now, but for a range of firms and markets simultaneously.
可以想像一下正式的压力测试，不是像现在只有一个公司的情况，而是一些公司和市场同时出现的情况。
We focus primarily on differences in ownership structure at the firm level, while controlling for the legal regime of the country and other factor.
我们首要注重的是在企业层面上的所有权结构，而管理会计更关注国家的法律管理体系和其他因素。
These authors focus primarily on differences in the legal systems and strength of legal enforcement across different countries, although their intuition and model is motivated at the firm level.
尽管他们的直觉和模型都来自于企业层面，这些作者首先关注的是国家之间法律系统和执法力度上的差别。
Brunel decided not to pick her daughter up every time she wanted her to, started putting her to bed earlier, "coming down to her level" to talk to her in a firm tone, and using the naughty corner.
布鲁内尔决定不再每次都按女儿的意愿对她作出反应，她开始让她早些睡觉；“顾及她的水平”，用坚定的语调跟她谈话；使用“顽皮角落”。
To level the playing field, Sony has struck a deal with Google that gives users free access to more than a million books scanned by the internet firm.
为了扳平比分，索尼与谷歌达成了交易，使它的用户能够免费获取由这家互联网公司扫描到网络上的上百万图书。
Doing so might reveal important interactions that are missed by stress tests at the level of the individual firm.
这样可以发现单个公司进行压力测试时所遗漏的重要的相互作用。
That, in turn, helped the firm to reduce its leverage ratio (the level of indebtedness on its balance sheet), avoid a rating downgrade and appear healthier than it actually was.
借此，该公司降低了杠杆比率（资产负债表上债务所占比率），避免评级遭到下调，显得比实际情况更为健康。
Sales of annuities, for instance, reached a record $236 billion last year, more than double the level of a decade ago, according to LIMRA, a research firm.
例如根据调查公司LIMRA的资料，养老金去年的销售额就达到了史无前例的2360亿，比十年前水平的两倍还要多。
If the firm also manages to turn its 2010 loss into net margins of 30 percent, around Facebook’s level last year, that would mean about $90 million in profit.
如果公司能将其2010年的损失转换至其净利润的30%，达到去年Facebook的水平，那就意味着有九千万的利润。
Harry Greenspun, from the health-care services division at Dell, a computer firm, says consumers want the same level of IT in health as in other aspects of life.
戴尔电脑公司医保服务部的哈利•格林斯潘(Harry Greenspun)表示，消费者希望在医疗领域也能享有和其他生活领域同等的信息技术水平。
Shareholders of Clear Channel Communications, an American media firm, will on July 24th vote on a revised offer with a lower price and debt level.
一家美国媒体公司ClearChannelCommunications的股东将在7月24日就修改后的出售价格进行投票，这个报价很低而且附带很低的债务水平。
While not every financial firm or employee contributed to the crisis, it is clear that too many acted improperly and some products were pushed to a level of unsustainable complexity.
虽然不是每家金融公司或每个金融从业人员都对危机起到了促进作用，但显然有太多的人行为失当，部分产品的复杂程度达到了难以维系的水平。
At the retail or intermediary level, returns often come back due to slow-moving stock, end-of-season inventory adjustments, or as a means to release capital so customers can buy more from your firm.
在零售商与中间商层面，常见的退货源于货物滞销，或季末库存调整，或客户表示释放资本金以向你的公司购买更多的产品。
At present, there is insufficient data to draw firm conclusions about health effects from long-term low-level exposure typically occurring in the everyday environment.
目前，关于通常发生在日常环境中的长期低剂量辐射对人体健康的影响，仍缺乏足够的数据来做出强有力的结论。
"The term 'embedded' used to refer to a low-level, limited-function semiconductor and nobody needed to pay attention to it," said Shane Rau, a chip expert at the market research firm IDC.
“过去，术语‘嵌入式’指低水平的、功能有限的半导体，人们也无需关注它，”市场调研公司国际数据公司(IDC)的芯片专家谢恩·劳说。
Viewed from the side, the reasonably long, ?reaching? stride is smooth and even, keeping the back line firm and level.
从侧面观察，步幅大，前肢的伸展非常顺畅而平滑，使背线保持水平和稳固。
In other economic news, a private research firm says U.S. consumer confidence has rebounded somewhat this month, aided by falling energy prices, but that the index remains at a low level.
总部设在纽约的经济研究机构会议委员会报告说，美国的消费者信心在11月份出人意料地有所提高，主要由于能源价格下降，不过消费者信心指数仍然处于很低的水平。
He discovered that the girl had an IQ of genius level and announced that she needed firm discipline and intellectual stimulation.
他发现那女孩拥有天才水准的智商，并声称她需要严格训练和智力方面的激励。
As the case heads toward appeals at the circuit level and probably the Supreme Court, judge Walker's opinion will provide a firm legal foundation that will be difficult for appellate judges to assail.
虽然案件极有可能上诉至巡回法院乃至最高法院，但Walker法理严实的判决意见，将会令上诉庭法官难以反驳。
B2B networks introduced for the new collaboration increases the level of interdependency between firms, while the B2B network alone does not significantly alter the level of inter-firm dependency.
B2B网络技术自身并不能改变企业内部的依存关系，但当它被引入到新的合作机制里面后，它就能提升企业之间的相互依存水平了。
The GVC framework represents just one of many approaches to detailed, firm-level research on the structure and dynamics of global industries.
全球价值链的结构仅代表对全球众多行业结构和动力学的详细的公司层面的研究方法之一。
Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high level of self-confidence.
受到父母严格、合理而持续的教导的孩子，会有较高的自信心。
This immediate environment is described as the microeconomic environment of a firm and involves prices, revenues, cost, employment level and so on.
这种直接环境被描述为一个公司的微观经济环境，涉及价格，收入，成本和就业水平等。
At full trot, the back must remain firm and level without sway, roll, whip or roach.
正确的小跑，背线必须保持稳固、水平，不能摇摆、滚动、甩动、或拱起。
In a trot the forequarters and hindquarters are mutually coordinated while the back remains level, firm and relatively motionless.
小跑的时候前半部和后半部相互地调整，背部仍然保持水平，稳固的和相对不动的。
The firm can improve managing level and choose advantageous business portfolio, then achieve stable income and durative growth.
企业可以通过提高经营管理水平和选择有利的行业结合，以获得稳定的收益和持续的增长。
An ideal integrated risk management should discern, measure and control risks on the firm -wide level.
一个理想的全面风险管理体系应站在企业全局的角度去识别、度量和管理风险。
An ideal integrated risk management should discern, measure and control risks on the firm -wide level.
一个理想的全面风险管理体系应站在企业全局的角度去识别、度量和管理风险。
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