External fertilization occurs when gametes are expelled into a watery substrate from the parental bodies before fusion; it is typical of spore bearing plants.

当配子在融合之前从亲本体中排出到有水介质时发生体外受精，这是孢子植物的特征。

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This paper introduced the methods. problems and the present situation at home and abroad about spermatophore obtainment, spermatophore implantation and artificial external fertilization in shrimp.

本文主要介绍人工获取精荚、精荚移植以及人工体外授精方法、存在问题和国内外的研究现状。

youdao

This paper introduced the methods. problems and the present situation at home and abroad about spermatophore obtainment, spermatophore implantation and artificial external fertilization in shrimp.

本文主要介绍人工获取精荚、精荚移植以及人工体外授精方法、存在问题和国内外的研究现状。

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