This thesis reviews the recent advances in the field of granular matter, focusing on the bistability in granular systems, mainly from the Angle of nonlinear dynamics and non-equilibrium phase change.
本文在分析颗粒系统研究现状的基础上，主要从非线性动力学，非平衡相变的角度对颗粒系统的双稳现象进行考察和研究。
Equations of state, change of phase, ideal gases, chemical potentials, chemical reactions, equilibrium equations, affinity.
状态方程，相变，理想气体，化学势，化学反应，平衡方程，亲和力。
The energy flux and mass flux equations have been established while a liquid vapor phase change occurs on spherical gas nucleus wall on the basis of non equilibrium thermodynamics.
从非平衡态热力学理论出发，建立了有相变发生时球形气核与围流液体之间能量流和物质流的方程序。
A specific enthalpy method associated with the alloy equilibrium phase diagram is employed to account for the latent heat of phase change.
对于潜热处理，采用了基于合金平衡相图的比热焓法；
A specific enthalpy method associated with the alloy equilibrium phase diagram is employed to account for the latent heat of phase change.
对于潜热处理，采用了基于合金平衡相图的比热焓法；
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