As we go down a column, what happens is that the ionization energy decreases.
当我们沿着列向下走的时候，会发现电离能是在降低的。
So, if we look on the periodic table, comparing, for example, s to o, if we have s it's below o, what happens to ionization energy as we go down a table?
那么，如果我们看周期表上，比较，比如，硫和氧，硫在氧下面，当我们沿着表向下看的时候,电离能是怎么变化的？
So, we keep the atoms with the lowest ionization energy in the center.
因此，我们把电离能，最低的原子放在中间。
Whenever you hear the term ionization energy, make sure you keep in mind that unless we say otherwise, we're talking about that first ionization energy.
但无论什么时候你听到电离能这个词，一定要记得，除非特别说明，我们都是在说第一电离能。
One major difference between electron affinity and ionization energy is that when we talked about ionization energy, remember ionization energy always has to be positive.
电子亲和能，与电离能之间最大的不同就在于，当我们提到电离能的时候，记得电离能总是正的。
So, second ionization energy simply means you've already taken one electron out, now how much energy does it take for you to take a second electron out.
第二电离能简单地说就是，在你已经拿走一个电子以后，再拿走第二个电子，所需要消耗的能量。
So, oftentimes you'll just be asked about ionization energy.
经常你们会被问到关于电离能。
What we've learned so far is as a first approximation, what we want to do is put the atom with the lowest ionization energy in the middle here.
我们之前所学的可以作为第一近似，我们要做的是把电离能，最低的原子放在中间。
So it's going to keep in mind the limitations, so let's start off with talking about ionization energy.
那么让我们将这些局限性记在心里，继续来讨论一下电离能。
But, in fact, we can also talk about the ionization energy of different states of the hydrogen atom or of any atom.
但实际上我们也可以讨论氢原子，或者其它任何原子的其它能级的电离能。
If something has a high ionization energy, it means that it really, really, really does not want to give up an electron.
如果某个东西有很高的电离能，这意味着它非常非常，非常不愿意失去一个电子。
So we should be able to calculate a z effective for any atom that we want to talk about, as long as we know what that ionization energy is.
我们应该可以计算出任何一个,我们想要谈论的原子的有效电荷量，只要我们知道电离能是多少。
Transferring the electrons gives the bacteria energy. It also changes the ionization state of the metal changing it to a form that precipitates out of water.
通过传到电子，这种细菌便能从其中获得能量，并改变了其食用废料的离子态，使其从水中沉淀出来。
We'll then take a turn to talking about the periodic table, we'll look at a bunch of periodic trends, including ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity and atomic radius.
然后我们再开始讲元素周期表，我们会看到很多周期性规律，比如电离能，电子亲和能，电负性以及原子半径。
Now this is a good place to start, because we are very familiar with ionization energy, we've been talking about it it's that minimum energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
现在这是一个开始下面内容的好地方，因为我们已经很熟悉电离能了，我们从很久以前就一直在讨论，它是从一个原子中，拿走一个电子所需要消耗的最低能量。
We talked about ionization energy, electron affinity, we talked about electronegativity, which is just kind of a combination of the first two, and then ended with atomic radius here.
我们讲了电离能的，电子亲和能的，还讲了电负性的，也就是前两个的组合，最后讲了原子半径的。
So, what we call this is the third ionization energy, or the negative of the binding energy, again of the 2 s orbital, but now it's in boron plus 2 to we're starting with.
那么我们称它为第三电离能，或者负的束缚能，还是，2，s，轨道的，但现在我们是从正二价硼离子开始的。
And we know what that's equal to, this is something we've been over and over, ionization energy is simply equal to the negative of the binding energy.
而且你知道它等于什么，这是我们说过一遍又一遍的，电离能就等于，负的束缚能。
Yeah. OK. We're looking for the lowest ionization energy.
对，好，我们再找最低的电离能。
Our ionization energy is going to be equal to the incident energy coming in, minus the kinetic energy of the electron.
我们的电离能将等于，入射能量，减去电子的动能。
The matrix facilitates ionization of proteins when excited by laser energy.
基质在激光能量的激发下使蛋白离子化。
Five probabilities of causing ionization deposited energy are calculated.
计算了引起电离能量沉积的五种概率。
An increase in the energy of the electrons increases the probability of ionization.
增加电子能量，会增加电离几率。
Ionization potential (ionization energy) : Amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule.
电离电势(亦称电离能)：从孤立原子或分子中移去一个电子所需要的能量。
As we go across the row what happens is that the ionization energy actually increases, and we can think about logically why it is that that's happening.
当我们沿着行，向右走的时候，可以发现电离能是逐渐升高的，我们可以从逻辑上思考一下为什么会这样。
In the case of simple band structure, the influence of atomic character on the ionization energy, and the relation between the shallow and the deep levels were discussed.
在简单能带结构情况下，我们讨论了电离能与原子性质的关系，及由浅能级向深能级的转化。
The spontaneous relaxation of upper levels is considered in numerical solutions. The calculation results show the evolution of pulse energy and the distribution of ionization particle.
数值计算中考虑了两个上能级的自发辐射速率，给出了脉冲能量的空间演化及电离粒子在空间的分布。
And an important thing to note is in terms of what that physically means, so physically the binding energy is just the negative of the ionization energy.
一个需要注意的很重要的事情，是它的物理意义，从物理角度来说结合能，仅仅是电离能的负数。
So we can use an equation to relate the incident energy and the kinetic energy to the ionization energy, or the energy that's required to eject an electron.
因此我们可以用一个公式将入射能量，与动能和电离能，就是发射出一个电子所需要的能量关联起来。
So we can use an equation to relate the incident energy and the kinetic energy to the ionization energy, or the energy that's required to eject an electron.
因此我们可以用一个公式将入射能量，与动能和电离能，就是发射出一个电子所需要的能量关联起来。
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