This front-end layer is often divided into several thin layers, such as login, border, boundary, and load balancing.
这个前端层常常进一步划分为几个子层，比如登录、边界和负载平衡。
The consumer layer contains the applications used by end users within an organization, or the inbound interfaces to external organizations (such as customers or partners).
使用者层包含组织内最终用户使用的应用程序，或外部组织（如客户或合作伙伴）的入站接口。
For some API calls, the transaction might start and end at the API layer, whereas other times it might be scoped only at the DAO layer (particularly for single-table updates within the LUW).
对于一些API调用，事务可能会在api层的末端开始，而其他时候，它可能仅限于dao层(特别是对于LUW中的单表更新)。
Next is another agnostic layer that permits a common interface to and from the individual device drivers that are available, followed at the end by the individual device drivers themselves.
然后是另外一个协议无关层，提供了与各个设备驱动程序通信的通用接口，最下面是设备驱动程序本身。
Colour-enhanced scanning electron micro-graph of the split end of a human hair showing the outer cuticle layer surrounding the inner cortical layer.
色彩效果增强的人类断裂头发尾部电子显微照显示外面的表皮层包裹着里面的皮质层。
The subaleurone layer, the thin skin responsible the heart benefits, is shaved off at the end of the process, when the milled grain is polished to a shine.
对于心脏健康大有好处的亚糊粉层在加工大米的最后一阶段，抛光阶段被研磨掉。
This layer also handles the requests from the Presentation layer and interacts with the DAL to retrieve the data from the back end and request the DAL to perform data persistence.
这个层还处理来自表示层的请求，并与DAL交互以便从后端检索数据并请求DAL执行数据持久性。
Behavior for these entities would end up being pushed up to the service or the view layer.
这些实体的行为最终由服务或视图层实现。
With the API layer transaction strategy, it's not the end of the world if you start a transaction at the client layer during a refactoring effort.
对于api层事务策略，您在重构过程中在客户端层上开始一个事务并不会引起灾难性后果。
At the input end of the overall system, you simply need to create the relevant input files for the first layer of the network directly.
在整个系统的输入端，只需为网络的每一层直接创建相关的输入文件。
This layer (shown on top) is used to visualize applications to end users.
这个层(位于顶端)用于向终端用户展现可视化应用程序。
The subaleurone layer, the thin skin responsible the heart benefits, is shaved off at the end of the process, when the milled grain is polished to a shine。
对于心脏健康大有好处的亚糊粉层在加工大米的最后一阶段，抛光阶段被研磨掉。
The controller is provided by a servlet that runs in the embedded Jetty Web server, and the Derby database ACTS as the back end and represents the model layer for the application.
控制器由一个servlet提供，该servlet运行在嵌入式JettyWeb服务器中，而Derby数据库则充当后端，表示该应用程序的模型层。
Then you need to put some marshalling code atop that to provide an access layer to the front end.
然后，需要在那些类之上放置一些编组代码，以便为前端提供一个访问层。
The service requests generated by the end-users at the presentation layer are handled at the business logic layer, where the IDs are treated as configuration parameters to the business services.
最终用户在表示层生成的服务请求在业务逻辑层进行处理，在其中会将ID作为业务服务的配置参数进行处理。
End-to-end details - Each layer of the graph can be viewed to provide a complete breakdown of where time was spent.
端到端详细信息：可以查看图片的每一层，提供在哪儿花费了多少时间的详细说明。
Creating a fake data layer is a useful UI development practice because the persistence layer to be used by the final application is often unavailable to front-end developers.
创建假的数据层是一种有用的用户界面开发实践，因为最终应用程序要使用的持续存储层对于前端开发人员来说，通常是看不到的。
The two most important enhancements in SCTP over traditional transport layer protocols are the end-host multi-homing and multi-streaming capabilities.
SCTP 相对于传统的传输层协议来说，两个重要的增强是终端主机的多宿主和多流功能。
Adding new end-user features and modifying existing ones can prove much simpler with a highly reusable service layer.
可以证明，对于高度可重用的服务层来说，添加新的最终用户功能和修改现有的功能要简单得多。
Both solutions provide message-level security, incorporating security features in the SOAP message and working in the application layer, thus ensuring end-to-end security.
这两个解决方案都提供了消息级别的安全性，将安全功能合并到SOAP消息中并作用于应用层，因此保证了端到端的安全。
Teams need to be able confirm in an automated fashion that an end-to-end command was correctly processed and that the data was delivered at each middle-tier layer according to expected policies.
团队需要能够以一个自动模式确定一个端到端命令是否被正确处理，以及数据是否依据预期策略在每个中间层传递。
SOA-enabled applications (for example, portals) that are wired into the ESB services layer can then transact with desirable performance without bringing down the heavy iron mainframe back end.
连接到ESB服务层的支持SOA的应用程序(如门户)可以随后以所需的性能进行事务处理，而不会使大型机后端崩溃。
Core Layer – XNA-based development for high-end graphics such as 3D animation or rendering with custom pixel shaders.
核心层——基于XNA的开发，针对像3D动画一样的高端图像，或者使用自定义像素着色器进行渲染。
Device Layer: The IMS architecture provides a variety of choices for users to choose end-point devices.
设备层：IMS体系结构提供了各种选择，供用户选择端点设备。
At the user interface layer, the subscriber-specific portlet configuration is responsible for maintaining the ID and keeping the IDs associated with the subscriber's end-users.
在用户界面层，订阅者特定的Portlet配置负责维护该ID和保存与订阅者的最终用户关联的ID。
There were little user interface changes like a close button on each tab, and back-end improvements like a SQLite data storage layer for bookmarks and history.
用户界面有一些小改动，如每个选项卡上的关闭按钮；后端的改进，比如书签和历史记录的SQLite数据存储层。
There were little user interface changes like a close button on each tab, and back-end improvements like a SQLite data storage layer for bookmarks and history.
用户界面有一些小改动，如每个选项卡上的关闭按钮；后端的改进，比如书签和历史记录的SQLite数据存储层。
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