It is justified that the integral of the gauge potential along path of not only electron but also scalar particle or spinor particle will contribute a geometric phase factor.
证明了规范场不仅沿入射电子在复连通区域运动路径的积分，而且还可沿入射标量或其他旋量粒子之一在复连通区域的运动路径积分，各自都将贡献一几何相因子。
New methods of measurements of specimen thickness and non-elastically scattering mean free path are proposed based on the electron holograph combining with electron dynamic diffraction.
而且，在电子全息照片和电子动力衍射相结合的基础上我们提出了一种测量电镜样品厚度和样品非弹性散射自由程的新方法。
The imaginary part of the complex self energy of electron provides spatial and angular dependent differential inverse inelastic mean free path (DIIMFP).
电子复自能的虚部给出了空间和角度相关的微分倒数非弹性平均自由程(diimfp)。
The results show that the quantum path through which the electron gains kinetic energy deviates the dominant quantum path. In addition, the deviation is effected of the carrier-envelope phase.
结果显示，超短脉冲谐波辐射过程中电子获得动能的量子路径偏离主要量子路径，而且该偏离效应受载波包络相位的影响。
Because the spin-flip length is longer than the electron mean-free-path in a metal, past studies of spin-flip scattering were limited to the diffusive regime.
金属中自旋翻转散射长度远长于电子平均自由程，近来关于自旋翻转散射效应的研究主要集中于扩散区域。
The dominant factor for Auger signal during the interface analysis is the altered layer with a thickness of 30-50A rather than the electron mean free path X.
影响层的厚度为30—50埃，它是进行深度剖面分析时，决定元素俄歇信号强度的第一位重要因素；
The isolate cluster can not become the continuous electron transport path, therefore, the formation of the isolate cluster will reduce the conductibility.
孤立的原子簇不能成为导电通道，因此它的存在将减少导电性能。
The isolate cluster can not become the continuous electron transport path, therefore, the formation of the isolate cluster will reduce the conductibility.
孤立的原子簇不能成为导电通道，因此它的存在将减少导电性能。
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