Positron or electron-atom collision theory is a main and fundamental area of atomic and molecular physics.
正（负）电子与原子的碰撞理论是原子与分子物理主要的研究领域。
If the atom is fixed mass, and the electron is tiny, it must be the positives have all the mass.
如果是原子质量一定，而电子很小，那么带正电荷的部分几乎占据了全部质量。
When we talk about orbitals in multi-electron atoms, they're actually lower in energy than the corresponding H atom orbitals.
当我们讨论多电子原子的轨道时，它们的能量实际上比对应的氢原子轨道要低。
When a neutron inside an atom decays, it produces a proton, an electron, and a neutrino.
原子内的一个中子衰变后会产生一个质子、一个电子和一个中微子。
Electron affinity is actually the ability of an atom, or we could also talk about an ion to gain electrons.
电子亲和能其实就是一个原子，或者我们也可以讨论离子获取电子的能力。
You start with liquid metal one, liquid metal two, you have the atom ratios proper, they mix, electron transfer occurs and poof, it is clear and colorless. Sorcery.
从液态金属一，液态金属二开始，你有合适的原子比例，混合它们，电子转移发生且被证实了，产物是透明无色的，有点辣味。
So if we can figure out the binding energy, we can also figure out how much energy we have to put into our atom in order to a eject or ionize an electron.
所以如果我们可以计算出结合能，我们也可以计算出,我们需要注入多少能量到原子中,去逐出或电离一个电子。
The spatial distribution of that image represents the electron density around the atom.
图像的空间分布就代表了原子周围的电子密度。
It means how much a certain atom actually wants to get an electron.
它意味着某一个原子，有多希望得到一个电子。
By 1911, scientists had already measured the charge and mass of an electron. But no one was sure how the atom was structured.
在1911年之前，科学家认为电子带有电荷以及质量，但没有人很确认原子是怎样组成的。
Now this is a good place to start, because we are very familiar with ionization energy, we've been talking about it it's that minimum energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
现在这是一个开始下面内容的好地方，因为我们已经很熟悉电离能了，我们从很久以前就一直在讨论，它是从一个原子中，拿走一个电子所需要消耗的最低能量。
If the atom is fixed mass, the electron is tiny, it must be the positives have all the mass.
如果是原子质量一定，电子很小，带正电荷的部分几乎占据了全部质量。
We can observe the interaction of the atom and the nanotube as the electron is trying to tunnel, and this offers us a chance to peek at some of the interesting dynamics that happen at the nanoscale.
通过电子尝试隧穿这一过程，我们不仅可以观察到原子与纳米管之间的相互作用，还可以一窥发生在纳米量级上的动力学效应。
Sometimes we have a very electronegative atom that's going to take more of its equal share of electron density.
有时候我们会有一个电负性很高的原子，它将会获取更多的共用电子密度。
So it's just a measure of how much does one given atom want to pull away electron density from, let's say, an adjacent atom.
因此，它就是度量一个给定原子有多么，想把电子密度拉过来，可以说，从相邻的一个原子那里。
So when we talk about formal charge, basically formal charge is the measure of the extent to which an individual atom within your molecule has either gained or lost an electron.
说到形式电荷，基本上形式电荷就是，单个原子在形成分子之后，是得到了电子还是失去了电子的一种量度。
This is electron volts per atom.
这是每个原子所具有的电子伏特。
The atom at the tip of the chain emitted electrons onto a surrounding phosphor screen, rendering an image of the electron cloud around the nucleus.
碳链末端的原子发射电子到周围的磷光屏，得到原子核周围电子云的图像。
We're going to be looking at the solutions to the Schrodinger equation for a hydrogen atom, and specifically we'll be looking at the binding energy of the electron to the nucleus.
我们将研究下氢原子薛定谔方程的解，特别是电子和核子的结合能，我们将研究这部分。
One can picture this single electron spin caught on the nanotube as an artificial atom, " says researcher from University of Copenhagen and participant in the study, Jonas Hauptmann.
人们也可以把被碳纳米管捕捉的单电子自旋当成一个人造的原子。”哥本哈根大学研究员，这项研究的参与者，Jonas Hauptmann说。
So, why don't you take a look at this and tell me which are possible for a 2 s electron in a lithium atom where z 3 is going to be equal to three?
你们为什么不看一下这个然后告诉我对,于一个锂原子中的2s电子哪些是可能,的？它的有效电荷量,可能等于？
Because what it tells is that we can figure out exactly what the radius of an electron and a nucleus are in a hydrogen atom.
我们可以，准确的算出，氢原子中，电子。
Ionized by energetic starlight, a hydrogen atom emits the characteristic red H-alpha light as its single electron is recaptured and transitions to lower energy states.
氢原子被高能的恒星光离子化之后，在它的单个电子重新被捕获并跃迁到低能级上时会放出典型的红色h - alpha光。
That energy will be absorbed by the hydrogen atom, n=1 the electron will rise from n equals one n=2 to n equals two.
这能量将会被氢原子吸收，这个电子会从,上升到。
This extension of the photoelectric effect, in which one photon knocks one electron off the edge of an atom, could make physicists reconsider when light is a wave and when it's a particle.
在这种光电效应的延伸中，一个光子从原子的边缘打出一个电子，这可能要使物理学家们重新考虑光在什么情况下是波，什么情况下是粒子。
If you took high school chemistry, then you undoubtedly recall the bizarre drawings of the "orbitals" that describe where in an atom or a molecule an electron is likely to be found.
“如果你曾上过的高中化学课，那么毫无疑问你能记起这些奇特的“轨道”图片，它描绘了一个分子或者原子的电子可能被发现的位置。”
So what that means is that we're limited in any atom to having two electrons per orbital, right, because for any orbital we can either have a spin up electron, a spin down electron, or both.
这意味着在一个原子内,每个轨道上可以有两个电子，对吧，因为对任何轨道,我们可以有自旋向上或者自选向下或者两者都有。
When a nitrogen atom sits next to a vacant spot in the carbon crystal, the intruding element provides an extra electron that moves into the hole.
当氮原子与碳晶体中的空心点相邻时，氮元素会产生特定的电子，这些电子可以移动到那个空心点里。
Such ultra-precise clocks are based on the quick vibrations of a single aluminum ion, an atom that has lost one electron, held in a vacuum and confined by electromagnetic fields.
如此极其精确的时钟是建立在单一铝离子的快速振动，铝离子就是包含在真空中受电磁场约束的失去一个电子的原子。
We can write out what it is for any certain atom or ion x, X so it's just x plus an electron gives us x minus.
我们可以用，X，来表示一个任意的原子或离子，因此可以写成，X，加一个电子等于负一价的。
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