A far more uh, worrisome for the dualist, do animals have minds?
关于二元论还有更多的担忧，动物们有思维么？
The philosophical dualist questions the extent and accuracy of that correspondence;
二元的哲学问题的程度和准确性的函件；
The dualist position is that the mind is a soul and the soul is an immaterial object.
二元论认为心灵就是灵魂，而灵魂是一种非物质实体。
But I don't think what we should say is, "the better explanation lies with the dualist."
但我们也不能说，二元论的解释更好。
Plato, as a dualist, portrays Socrates as being a dualist and that's just taken for granted.
作为一个二元论者，柏拉图理所当然地，把苏格拉底塑造成一个二元论者。
According to the dualist, the mind is this immaterial substance and we could call it by different names.
按照二元学说论，心灵是这种非物质的物体，我们能叫他不同的名字。
Well, the dualist says, "that shows us that we have to believe that there's something non-physical about us."
二元论者认为，这表明我们必须相信，人有非物质性的一面。
I don't feel I've got any sort of account going here as to how consciousness works, even if I become a dualist.
我觉得就算我是一个二元论者，我也还是不懂这番对于意识的解释。
So although I'm trying to sketch the dualist position, as I explained on Tuesday, I don't myself believe in souls.
所以尽管我试着描述二元学说论，如我星期二所阐述的，我自己不相信灵魂。
Though it does seem, from this dualist perspective, as though souls are located, I'm sort of viewing the world from here.
虽然看起来，就二元论观点而言，灵魂是有位置的，我可以从这里看到世界。
If we had a dualist explanation with some details really worked out, maybe we'd have to say, "Look, this is the better explanation."
如果我们拥有一个，既可行又详尽的二元论解释，也许我们就会说，看哪，这才是更好的解释。
When I use the word "Soul," I'm going to have in mind this dualist view according to which the soul is something immaterial, nonphysical.
当我用"灵魂"这个词时,我会采用二元论思路,因为他们认为,灵魂是非物质,非物理的
When I use the word "soul," I'm going to have in mind this dualist view according to which the soul is something immaterial, nonphysical.
当我用“灵魂”这个词时，我将会在脑中泛起二元学说论的灵魂，一种非物质，无形的东西。
The question we want to turn to, then, is, "Which of these two views should we believe: the dualist position or the physicalist position?"
接下来，我们的问题是，这两种观点，我们到底应该相信哪一种，二元论还是物理主义。
And this is no surprise if what we are is the workings of our physical brains, but it is extremely difficult to explain if one is a dualist.
我们物质大脑的工作就是我们是什么这是毫无疑问的，但是要解释一个人是否是二元论者是非常困难的。
Now, it's often said this is a major problem for Cartesian dualism because if you're a dualist then it looks like you have to deny causal closure.
这经常被看成是笛卡尔二元论的主要问题,因为如果你是一位二元论主义者，那你就必须拒绝因果完结。
No harm would be done if we call it a mind, though the reason I will typically talk about a soul is to try to flag the crucial point of the dualist view.
我们叫它心灵是完全可以的，我之所以重点强调，灵魂是为了，标识出二元论的重要论点。
And it's because of that that I think we shouldn't be dismissive of the dualist when the dualist says, "we've got to believe in souls in order to explain it."
正因如此，我认为我们不应该轻视二元论者，当他们说，我们只有相信灵魂才能解释这些。
If the very idea of soul that we're working with here under the dualist picture is the soul as an immaterial substance, it's not made of ordinary atomic matter.
如果我们现在在二元论的框架下讨论的灵魂的观念是非物质的东西，就不是一般的原子组成的物质。
The two views we are going to focus on are, on the one hand, the dualist view--people have souls as well as bodies--and the physicalist view--all we have, all we are, are bodies.
两种我们将关注的观点是，在一方面，二元学说论——人拥有灵魂和身体——唯物主义论——我们所拥有的，我们所即是的，就是身体。
Quine: the body-mind problem that confronted the dualist was the problem of how mind and body could interact, and how such interaction could be reconciled with physical determinism.
二元论者面对的心与物的问题，是心灵与物体如何互相作用的问题，以及这种相互作用又怎么能与物理决定论和谐一致的问题。
You could imagine the dualist coming back and saying, "Look, in the case of the heat-seeking missile or the robot for that matter, although it's doing things, it's just obeying orders."
你可以假想二元论反驳说，在热追踪导弹，或是机器人的例子里，尽管他们各尽其职，但也只是恪守命令。
You could imagine the dualist coming back and saying, "Look, in the case of the heat-seeking missile or the robot for that matter, although it's doing things, it's just obeying orders."
你可以假想二元论反驳说，在热追踪导弹，或是机器人的例子里，尽管他们各尽其职，但也只是恪守命令。
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