This is tedious, error-prone, and it slows down development productivity.
这样做很麻烦，容易出错，而且会降低开发的生产率。
Web services can be created using two approaches: top-down development and bottom-up development.
Web服务可以通过两种方法来生成：自顶向下的开发和自底向上的开发。
The top-down development pattern encompasses the following development steps as illustrated in Figure 2
自顶向下的开发模式包括以下开发步骤（如图 2 所示）
GUI frameworks are not always well documented, and the amount of required code can grow quickly, slowing down development workflow.
GUI框架并不是总是拥有良好的文档，需要的代码量可能迅速增长，拖慢开发工作流。
Next, continue the top-down development approach by beginning to implement the mediation flow component by creating a new implementation.
接下来，继续进行自上而下的开发方式，通过创建一个新的实现来开始实现中介流组件。
According to the software engineering principle, this system adopted modular design ideals and top-down development tactics.
在开发过程中根据软件工程原则，采用模块化的设计思想和自顶向下的开发策略。
Instead, your company may decide-for business reasons-to slow down development on your product and move engineering resources to another product.
相反，出于商业原因，公司可能会决定延缓你们产品的开发，并把开发资源转移到其他产品上。
To use a data model in a service oriented solution with Web services, we can use a bottom-up development approach or a top-down development approach.
要在含有Web服务的面向服务解决方案中使用数据模型，可以使用自底向上或自顶向下的开发方法。
In top-down development, both client-side and server-side developers use WSDL (the top) to produce the artifacts (the bottom) necessary for their respective environments.
在自顶向下的开发过程中，客户端和服务器端的开发人员使用WSDL(“顶部”)为各自的环境生成必要的构件(“底部”)。
You can create WSDL files yourself and generate a skeleton of your service from the WSDL files, then write application code in the skeleton; this is known as top-down development.
您可以自己创建WSDL文件，也可以从WSDL文件生成您的服务的骨架，然后在这个骨架中编写应用程序代码；这称为自顶向下开发。
Therefore, the top-down development pattern starts by identifying or developing XML schema relevant to the domain of the Web service, and then creating a WSDL for the Web service.
因此，自顶向下的开发模式从标识或开发与Web服务领域相关的XML模式开始，然后为该Web服务创建一个WSDL文档。
Cost down: Development cost-down affairs, such as open second source suppliers, change parts material, optimize parts' structure.
降低成本：开发第二供应商，替换材料，结构优化等；
Cost down: Development cost-down affairs, such as open second source suppliers, change parts material, optimize parts' structure.
降低成本：开发第二供应商，替换材料，结构优化等；
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