The bank which issues the electronic cash does not carry out the check-up of double-spending.
发行电子现金的银行不再进行电子现金的重复支付检查。
The double-spending is the kernel problem in the E-cash scheme, since the copying of E-cash is very easy.
由于电子货币容易被复制，所以防止电子现金的重复花费是设计电子现金方案必须考虑的安全问题。
To prevent e-cash from double-spending and unlimited increase in the records of databases, an improved offline e-cash system based on elliptic curve cryptography was proposed.
为防止电子现金重复花费和数据库记录无限制的膨胀问题，改进了现有的利用椭圆曲线密码系统构造的离线电子现金系统。
They already account for almost a quarter of all spending on music, more than double the share of Apple’s iTunes.
他们差不多已经占据了在音乐方面上的花费的1/4 ，比苹果公司的iTunes的两倍份额还要多。
Mintel's research found that nearly half of people (41 per cent) said they will be spending less this year — almost double the 22 per cent who said that last year.
Mintel公司的调查发现，有将近一半(41%)的受访者表示会比去年圣诞节花费少，这一数字几乎是2007年的二倍，当时只有22%的人作此表示。
In some countries the current figure could double by 2050, to say nothing of the cost of private pensions and extra spending on health and long-term care.
即便是这样一个数字，在一些国家到2050年也可能翻翻，更不要说私人养老金成本，以及用于医疗保障和长期护理的开销了。
All three Baltic states are facing double-digit economic declines in GDP this year, following the collapse of credit bubbles created by reckless lending and spending.
不顾后果的借贷和消费导致信用泡沫破碎后，波罗的海三国今年都遭遇了GDP经济总量的双位数下降。
The NABE panelists see business spending as a bright spot in 2011 and 2012, with double-digit percentage growth in spending on equipment and software.
协会小组人员认为2011和2012年的企业开支会是亮点，企业用在设备和软件上的开支将以两位数字的增长速度增长。
As the output slump sends Germany's jobless rate towards double-digits, it is hard to see consumers going on a spending spree.
随着经济产出的大幅度下滑导致德国的失业率攀升到两位数，很难期望看到消费者大肆消费。
GLOBAL spending on advertising will grow by 4.5% in 2011, double the rate of the previous year, according to ZenithOptimedia, an AD agency.
广告代理商ZenithOptimedia预测2011年全球广告支出将增长4.5%，是去年增长率的两倍。
The internet will account for 12.3% of all advertising spending in 2009, up from 10.1% last year, and double what it was in 2005.
网络广告支出在所有的广告支出中所占到的比例从去年的10.1%上升到了今年的12.3%，且这一比例是2005年的2倍。
Double spending and (probably short-duration) expiration checks further assure sincere interest in the edit. It was not difficult for me to generate the above URL using the command.
double spending和(可能持续时间较短)过期校验进一步为真正要进行编辑的行为提供了保证。
Few would have blinked if he had announced an increase in military spending well into double digits.
如果他宣布军事支出保持两位数增长几乎不会有人感到惊奇。
Bitcoin assumes that the majority of nodes in its network are honest, and resorts to a majority vote mechanism for double spending avoidance, and dispute resolution.
比特币假设其网络中的大多数节点是可靠的，并且依靠于一个多数人投票的机制避免双支出，以及调节纠纷。
Bitcoin assumes that the majority of nodes in its network are honest, and resorts to a majority vote mechanism for double spending avoidance, and dispute resolution.
比特币假设其网络中的大多数节点是可靠的，并且依靠于一个多数人投票的机制避免双支出，以及调节纠纷。
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