In the Qing Dynasty, the officials's penal system includes two parts: disciplinary sanction and penal punishment.

清代官吏惩戒制度分为行政处分、刑罚制裁两大类别。

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In the Qing Dynasty, the officials's penal system includes two parts: disciplinary sanction and penal punishment.

清代官吏惩戒制度分为行政处分、刑罚制裁两大类别。

youdao