Seasonal effects did not appear to be responsible for the delayed density-dependent effects on survival.

季节性影响看来与对生存的延缓性密度依赖效应无关。

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But it now seems clear that all populations are regulated by a mixture of density-dependent and density-independent effects in varying proportions.

但是，现在显得很清楚的是，所有种群都受“种群密度相关”和“种群密度无关”两类因素在不同程度上的共同制约。

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Effects of distance-dependent and density-dependent.

密度和距离制约。

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Effects of distance-dependent and density-dependent.

密度和距离制约。

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