Fluctuations in industrial output are influenced by supply shocks and demand shocks.
工业产值的波动受供给冲击和需求冲击的双重影响。
Aggregate supply and demand shocks in different stages of business cycle have different mechanisms.
经济周期不同阶段中总供给和总需求冲击具有不同的作用机制。
Demand shocks have come from sudden policy decisions to increase biofuel content in gasoline, for example.
需求的波动则来自于，比如说，增加生产生物燃料的政策。
Marriage demand by individuation and liberation of demand shocks, it is also subject to numerous challenges the concept of spouse.
婚姻需求在受到个性张扬和解放需求的冲击的同时，也在遭受纷繁多元择偶观的挑战。
Consumption shocks are progressively lowering global import demand for broiler parts.
消费冲击正在逐渐降低全球分割鸡肉的进口需求。
This is because the increase in inflation has been mostly driven by food, as a result of supply shocks, rather than caused by excess aggregate demand.
因为，主要由食品价格驱动的通胀的上升是由于供应上的意外，而非更多的需求引起的。
But if we are focusing purely on the business cycle, then shocks to the supply and demand for money (including expectations of future changes) are the primary determinant of the pace of recovery.
但是如果我们只是单纯地把注意力放在商业周期上，那么货币供求的震动(包括对货币未来变化的期望)就是决定经济复苏速度的主导因素。
Aggregate channels explained the asymmetry from the view of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, including the real balance effect, supply-side shocks and income transfers.
“总量效应”主要从总需求和总供给的角度来解释油价波动对经济的影响，主要包括“实际余额效应”、“供给冲击假说”和“收入转移假说”。
Aggregate channels explained the asymmetry from the view of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, including the real balance effect, supply-side shocks and income transfers.
“总量效应”主要从总需求和总供给的角度来解释油价波动对经济的影响，主要包括“实际余额效应”、“供给冲击假说”和“收入转移假说”。
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