The Theory of Optimum Currency Area: Can Explain the MonetaryCooperation in East Asia?
最优货币区理论：能否解释东亚货币合作?。
The Theory of Optimum Currency Area: Can Explain the Monetary Cooperation in East Asia?
最优货币区理论：能否解释东亚货币合作?。
Europe's situation is particularly tricky, because the euro zone is not an optimal currency area.
由于欧元区并非最优货币区，使得欧洲的情况特别棘手。
Optimal currency area theory is a theory concerning exchange rate mechanism and currency integration.
最适货币区理论是关于汇率机制和货币一体化的理论。
Recent surveys show that businesses in the 13-nation euro currency area are becoming sharply more downbeat.
近期所做的调查显示，欧元区13国的商业企业突然变得愈发悲观起来。
That is substantially less than the 1.8 percent growth predictions earlier this year for the euro currency area.
这个预估大大低于今年早些时候对欧元区所做的1.8%的经济增长幅度的预估。
The theory of common currency area used to be regarded as a pure-academic issue and of little use in the real economy and policy-making.
共同货币区理论曾一度被认为是纯粹学术的问题，对实际经济运行和政策制定基本上没有太多的指导作用。
Third, more members in the currency area meant more seats at the table, rendering decision-making about enforcing criteria more difficult.
第三，欧元区成员国越多就代表着席位越多，也就意味着制定执行决策更为困难。
French activity growth was at its slowest in ten months, highlighting the asymmetry of the recovery within the 16-nation common-currency area.
法国活跃增长是10个月来最低点，和16个国家共同货币区的复苏成鲜明对比。
The paper analyses the conditions of formation required by the Optimum Currency Area and adjustment mechanism and means that Euro Single Currency Are…
事实上，“欧元单一货币区”的建立与“最优货币区”的形成条件尚差一段距离。
As one senior negotiator in the bail-out talks laments, Greece is part of the single-currency area even though it has managed in effect to stay out of the single market.
正如参与援助计划讨论的一位资深谈判代表所言，希腊是单一货币区域的一员，但它实际上却游离于统一市场之外。
According to the theory of optimum currency areas, the economic development of Asia, especially that of East Asia, will finally result in the coming of Asian currency area.
根据最优货币区理论，亚洲经济——尤其是东亚经济的蓬勃发展将推动“亚元”区的最终形成。
The paper analyses the conditions of formation required by the Optimum Currency Area and adjustment mechanism and means that Euro Single Currency Area has taken to attain…
事实上，“欧元单一货币区”的建立与“最优货币区”的形成条件尚差一段距离。
A rare exception is when other currencies also circulate within the same currency area, and an increase in the quantity of the other currencies causes prices to rise in that currency.
罕见的例外情况是，该区域同时有其他货币流通，其他货币数量的增加也会引起本地货币的物价上涨。
This paper first introduces general theories of economic integration and optimal currency area and reviews the history of European Union and European economic and Monetary Union.
本文首先介绍经济一体化的一般理论和最优货币区理论，并简要回顾欧盟以及欧洲经济货币联盟成立的过程。
WITH alarming speed, Europe's debt crisis has spread this summer from small countries such as Greece on the rim of the single-currency area to large economies such as Italy at its heart.
今年夏天，欧洲债务危机以骇人之势从像希腊这样的欧元区边缘小国快速扩展至像意大利这样的核心大国。
WITH alarming speed, Europe's debt crisis has spread this summer from small countries such as Greece on the rim of the single-currency area to large economies such as Italy at its heart.
今年夏天，债务危机以惊人的速度从欧洲一些小国家漫延到其主要经济体，从单一货币区外围国家希腊到欧洲核心经济体——意大利。
One thing is for sure: a return to euro-zone recession would set the stage for a prolonged crisis environment, through which the survival of the currency area will constantly be in question.
有件事是一定的：欧元区经济重现衰退可能会促成经济危机持续时间延长，如此，欧元区的幸存者将会持续面临挑战。
The 13 members of the euro area may share the same money.But payments in this common currency cannot circulate fluently between them.
欧元区的13个成员国或许可以使用同一种货币，但是，这种货币却无法作为支付工具在他们之间顺利流通。
The 15 EU nations that use the single currency—the euro area—offer an additional experimental advantage.
15个使用单一货币（欧元）的国家提供了额外的实验优势。
Consumer and business confidence rose in the euro area in September, with Germany leading the economic-sentiment indicator for the 16-member currency union close to a three-year high.
今年九月，因为以德国为首的十六成员货币联盟经济信心指数达到近三年的最高点，欧元地区的消费者和企业信心猛增。
The idea may yet be revived as policymakers in the euro area rewrite the rules governing the currency.
随着欧元区的政策制定者们重修货币规则，这个想法也许会被重新纳入考虑范围。
Slovenia and Slovakia were shielded from currency speculators by being in the euro area.
斯洛文尼亚和斯洛伐克因处在欧元区而免遭货币炒家攻击。
Fears that Greece's fiscal crunch would spread to other euro-area countries have sent the region’s single currency reeling to a one-year low against the dollar.
因畏惧希腊财政紧缩会扩散到其他欧元国家，该地区单一货币兑美元的汇率跌到一年来的新低。
Fears that Greece's fiscal crunch would spread to other euro-area countries have sent the region’s single currency reeling to a one-year low against the dollar.
因畏惧希腊财政紧缩会扩散到其他欧元国家，该地区单一货币兑美元的汇率跌到一年来的新低。
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