Conclusion True histiocytic lymphoma is a rare subset of NHL.
结论真性组织细胞型淋巴瘤罕见。
When we look at these two questions we are not asking whether the premises are true we are asking if these were true would the conclusion be true.
当我们看这两个问题的时候，我们没有问这些前提是真是假，如果它们为真，那结论就为真。
They are both invalid there are possible situation where the premise is true and the conclusion false they are not good arguments.
他们都是无效的，有可能的情境，前提为真结论为假，他们都不是好论点。
Sentence statements can be true or false, so premises can be true or false, conclusion can be true or false but arguments can't be.
句子论述可能或真或假，所以前提前提可能或真或假，结论可能或真或假，但是论点不能。
Actually a valid argument doesn't have true premises and true conclusion what is a valid argument?
实际上一个有效论点没有真前提和真结论，什么是有效论点呢？
If an argument is valid and if the premises are true then the conclusion must be true.
如果一个论点有效，如果前提为真，那么结论肯定为真。
But it's not certainly true and if this premise is true then this conclusion is not even probably true is it?
但是如果这个前提为真，这不确定为真，那么这个结论不一定可能为真，对吗？
If the premises are true then the conclusion must be true so the validity of the argument preserves the truth of the premises.
如果前提为真，那么结论肯定为真，论点的有效性，保存了前提的真理。
Let me remind you again that an argument is valid if and only if the premises are true the conclusion must be true.
我再来提醒一下，论点有效，如果且仅如果前提为真，结论肯定为真。
It's the possibility of combination of true premises and false conclusion that is ruled out not just the actuality of the combination.
真前提和假结论结合的可能性，被排除了，不只是结合的实际性。
No sorry there are no possible situation where the premises are true and the conclusion false. Is there?
不是，没有可能情境，前提为真结论为假，不是吗？
If the premises could be true together with the conclusion being false then the argument is invalid.
如果前提可能为真，同时结论为假，论点有效。
It doesn't matter how many premises are there if all the premises are true the conclusion must be true as well.
无所谓，有多少前提？如果所有前提都为真，结论肯定也为真。
Okay so the only thing that's ruled out in arguments being valid is the possibility, not the actuality, of the combination of the premises being true and the conclusion false.
好，唯一能排除论点有效性的是，是可能性，不是实际性，而是真前提，和假结论的结合。
But let me ask again, is there any possible situation where that premise is true and that conclusion is false.
但是我再问问，有没有可能，前提为真结论为假。
So there are all sort of situation where these two premises are true and so is the negation of the conclusion.
所有这些情境，两个前提为真，结论的否定也为真。
Okay here is an example, here we have two arguments in both cases the premises are actually true and the conclusion is actually true.
这里有个例子，我们有两个论点，这其中的前提都为真，结论也为真。
So you site and support of a conclusion, one of your premises is true so that's fine but it's irrelevant to the conclusion.
所以你采用并支持结论，其中一个前提为真，很好，但是与结论不相关。
No I am sorry, if those premises are true that the conclusion has to be true doesn't it?
不，对不起，如果这些前提为真,那结论必定为真，对吗？
What's the difference between them, the answer in this case if the premises are true the conclusion couldn't be false.
不同点是什么呢？答案是,如果前提为真，结论不可能为假。
Here one premise is true and the other is false and the conclusion is false. That seems to be valid as well.
一个前提为真，另一个为假，结论为假，这看起来有效。
So it's a sufficient condition for an argument being valid that there is no possible situation where the premises are true and the conclusion false. And that's a necessary condition too.
所以这对于论点有效性是充分条件，没有可能前提为真，结论为假，这是必要条件。
Is this a situation in which the premises are both true and the conclusion false? No.
这个情况中前提都为真，结论为假？不。
If the premises are true the conclusion must be true and an inductive argument you haven't got certainty you've got probability.
如果前提为真，结论必定为真，归纳论点没有确定性，而有可能性。
The only thing that's ruled out in arguments being valid is the possibility of the combination of the premises being true and the conclusion false.
唯一排除论点有效性的是,真前提和假结论,结合的可能性。
You commit a fallacy of non sequitur when you site in support of a conclusion something that's true but irrelevant.
你会做出不当结论型谬论，当你采用支持结论，为真而不相关的时候。
There's no possible situation where the premises are true and the conclusion false but what you don't see that it is only valid because it's circular.
不可能前提为真，结论为假，但是你们不明白，因为他循环，所以有效。
The premises of the argument are true and the conclusion is true. Okay think of the question: do you think arguments of this sort could be valid?
论点前提为真,结论为真，想想问题：,你们认为这种论点有效吗？
Because there is no possible situation in which the premises are true and the conclusion false.
因为没有可能情境，其中前提为真结论为假。
So have a look at that. Is there a s situation in which the premises could be true and the conclusion false.
所以看看吧，有没有一个情境，前提为真结论为假。
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