All substances are composed of a great many particles called atoms.
一切物质都是由大量称作原子的粒子构成的。
Most people are familiar with the idea that matter consists of very small particles called atoms.
大多数人都熟悉这样一个概念，物质是由叫做原子的极小粒子组成的。
We imagine the ball to consist of innumerable minute particles, called atoms or molecules, which vibrate or whirl around one another.
我们想象一个球是由无数的微型粒子组成，称为原子或分子，一个围绕着另一个振动或旋转。
All matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms, which are themselves composed of smaller particles, electrons, neutrons and protons.
所有的物质都是由称之为原子的微粒组成，而原子本身则由更小的微粒，电子、中子和质子所组成。
In the early nineteenth century, Dalton, an English school teacher, stated in this atomic theory that matter was made up of tiny, indivisible particles, which he also called atoms.
十九世纪初，一位英国教师——道尔顿，在他的原子学说中论述，物质是由极小的、不可分割的粒子组成。他也把这些微粒叫做原子。
Called IceCube, it will work by detecting the flashes of light generated on those rare occasions when a neutrino hits one of the atoms in a molecule of water in the ice.
这架望远镜被命名为“冰立方”，其工作原理是：当一个微中子撞击冰中的水分子原子时，望远镜就会探测这些罕见的场合中产生的闪光。
They tinkered with a particular type of silicon whose surface is covered with dumbbell-shaped pairs of atoms called dimers.
他们修饰了一种特殊的硅，其表面覆盖有被称为二聚体的哑铃形原子对。
Instead of electrons carrying the current, though, it is carried by electrically charged atoms called ions.
它用一种称为离子的荷电原子而非电子来携带电流。
Each is, in essence, a layer of carbon atoms that has been coated with nitrogen-containing molecules called amines and rolled into a cylinder with the amines on the outside.
实质上，每个碳纳米管都是一层碳原子，这层碳原子被涂上了一种叫做胺的含氮分子，随后，将胺涂层朝外，把碳原则层卷成圆柱形，我们就得到了所要的碳纳米管。
Their first strategy is a technique, common in chip manufacturing, called doping, in which atoms of some other element are added to a semiconductor crystal.
第一步策略是一个在芯片产业上普遍使用的技术，叫做“掺杂”，就是在半导体晶体中加入其它元素的原子。
There are different kinds, or isotopes, of uranium, and the type used in nuclear power plants is called uranium-235, because these atoms are easiest to split in two.
铀有许多不同的种类，或称同位素，而在核电站中所使用的是铀235这一类，因为这些的原子最容易一分为二。
In a paper published in the British journal Nature, a team at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva explain a method of snaring these so-called antihydrogen atoms.
英国杂志《自然》发布的一篇文章中，日内瓦的欧洲粒子物理研究所(CERN)解释了一种捕获这些所谓反氢原子的方法。
This energy soon showered Earth's upper atmosphere, tearing apart atoms in a region called the ionosphere to a greater depth than an ordinary solar flare and causing them to glow.
这个能量很快显示到地球的外大气层，将在电离层中的原子击开，使它们发出比普通太阳耀斑使它们发的更亮的光。
Codexis's enzymes and bacteria can turn sugar into molecules called straight-chain alkanes which have between 12 and 16 carbon atoms in them. Such alkanes are the main ingredients of diesel fuel.
Codexis的酶和细菌能够把糖转变为有12到16个碳原子的直链烷烃，这种物质是柴油最主要的组成部分。
And if you take materials into laboratories, you can pull the electrons off the atoms and you have another state of matter which is called plasma.
如果你把物质带到实验室，你可以剥离原子的电子，然后你就得到了物质的另一种状态，它被称为‘等离子态’。
The WHERE clause restricts the search to so-called hetero atoms and only considers the first model of each protein.
where子句将搜索限制在了所谓的异质原子并且只考虑了每种蛋白质的第一个模型。
Biologists have long known about the switches, which are clusters of atoms called methyl groups.
生物学家早已知道这个开关，它是由原子组成的，叫做甲基。
There are several ways to produce gold particles, but most involve dissolving chloroauric acid, also called gold salts, in liquid and adding chemicals to precipitate gold atoms.
目前有几项常规的方法被用于制造金微粒，但多数都会涉及在液态下使用到溶解的氯金酸（又称金盐）及添加化学品以沉降金原子。
The burst of light is called a photon echo; and its observation proved we have full control over the quantum state of the atoms.
辐射出的光被称为光子回波，它的观测表明我们对于原子的量子态进行了完全的控制。
Timber swells when it is damp and shrinks when it is dry because it contains groups of atoms called hydroxyl groups, which absorb and release water.
木材在潮湿的时候就会膨胀，而干燥的时候会缩小，这取决于其中含有的氢氧基团，它可以吸收和释放水分。
Kelly: the extreme view would be that all these bits that make up atoms are running on a very big computer called the universe, an idea first espoused by Babbage.
凯利：总结一下，这种极端观点似乎是这样的：组成原子的这些比特正在一个被称之为宇宙的巨型计算机中运行，这种理念最早的支持者就是巴贝奇。
The atoms that emit radiation are called radionuclides.
释放出辐射的原子被称为放射性核素。
The atoms had an effect called electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), which enabled the scientists to separate the single-photon precursors from the main wave packet.
这些铷原子可以产生一种称为“电磁感应光透明”(EIT)的效应，可以帮助科学家从主波包中分离出单个光子前驱。
Their behavior is not determined by individual atoms, but by larger artificial structures called meta-atoms.
它们的这种行为并非由单独的原子所决定，而是由略大的人造结构—“元原子”决定的。
Pull apart the soft, grey graphite and you have a flimsy sheet of carbon atoms just one atom thick, called graphene, whose electrons ping around the surface like balls in a pinball machine.
把那柔软的、灰色的石墨拉开，你将会得到一个薄到只有一层原子厚的叫做石墨单原子层的东西。它表面周围的电子就像弹子机里的弹球一样。
The shortest topological distance between two atoms in a structure was designed according to the widely used breadth first search algorithm which uses a data structure called Queue.
分子结构中任意两个原子之间最短拓扑距离的求解是建立在采用队列数据结构的宽度优先搜索算法基础上的。
Codexis's enzymes and bacteria can turn sugar into molecules called straight-chain alkanes which have between 12 and 16 carbon atoms in them.
公司的酶和细菌能够将蔗糖转为叫做直链烷烃的分子，该类型的分子含有12到16个碳原子。
Hence the spectrum is called a line spectrum; it is also called an atomic emission spectrum since it is produced by emission of light from excited atoms.
因此，这个光谱也被称为线光谱，也被称为原子发射光谱，因为它是由被激活的原子发出的光产生的。
Hence the spectrum is called a line spectrum; it is also called an atomic emission spectrum since it is produced by emission of light from excited atoms.
因此，这个光谱也被称为线光谱，也被称为原子发射光谱，因为它是由被激活的原子发出的光产生的。
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