The beavers were hunted a lot, overhunted, they are almost extinct by the 1800s, that meant fewer wetlands, less standing water.
海狸被大量捕杀、过度捕杀，到19世纪它们几乎灭绝了，这意味着湿地和静水变得更少了。
The idea that these changes affect climate was first advanced by James Croll in the late 1800s.
这些变化影响气候的观点最早是由詹姆斯·克罗尔在19世纪末提出的。
By the mid 1800s, there were many types of restaurants throughout the world.
到19世纪中期，世界各地有许多不同类型的餐馆。
By the late 1800s, mealtime manners had changed for everyone.
到了19世纪晚期，每个人的用餐礼仪都发生了变化。
Dollo's Law, a theory proposed by the scientist Louis Dollo in the 1800s, states that when a particular trait is lost in a species, it never comes back.
多洛式法则，如果物种的特质一旦失去，就意味着这种特质的永远失去。该法则由科学家路易斯•道罗在19世纪提出。
After remaining flat for a millennium, per capita income in the West rose by an average of 20% in the 1700s, 200% in the 1800s, and 740% in the past century.
在储蓄了一千年的原地踏步后，西方人均收入在18世纪提高了平均20%，19世纪是200%，而在过去一个世纪里是740%。
Anatomists in the mid-1800s were fascinated by the underlying similarities of traits in different species - the fact that a bat's wing, for example, has all the same parts as a human hand.
十八世纪中叶的解剖学家们为不同物种之间潜在的相同特质所着迷。比如蝙蝠的翅膀就具有人类手掌的所有组成部分。
In the late 1800s, one third of industrial Bilbao's annual requirement of coal - some 200,000 tons - arrived by ship from England because it was difficult to get coal from Spain's interior.
在19世纪末期，工业化的比尔巴鄂每年需用的煤炭有三分之一，大约200,000吨是从英国海运过来，因为从西班牙内地取得煤炭更为困难。
Indeed, one of the early demonstrations shown by Rudolph Diesel, the German engineer who invented the engines at the end of the 1800s, operated on pure peanut oil.
事实上，在德国人RudolphDiesel发明引擎的19世纪后期，他就有进行了以纯花生油为燃料的早期尝试。
By the late 1800s in North America, Halloween had developed into a family festival full of parties, seasonal foods (pumpkins, maize and apples) and costumes.
到了19世纪末期，在北美地区，万圣节已经变成一个家庭节日。充满了派对，时令食物和奇装异服的元素。
By the late 1800s scientists had enough reliable sightings and evidence (including bodies washed up on Newfoundland beaches) to officially name and identify the beast.
在19世纪的后期，科学家已经有了充分和可靠的人证和物证(包括冲上纽芬兰海滩上的海怪躯体)，可以对此海怪正式命名，以识别此种野兽。
By the early 1800s new plantations of spices in Africa and India meant that there was a greater choice of supply available to the traders.
在18世纪早期，新的香料种植地在非洲和印度被发现，这使得商人们的货源地又多了几个。
A century later it had become the major food crop in Ireland; disastrous damage to the crop by a fungal blight caused the Irish potato famine in the mid-1800s.
一个世纪后，成为爱尔兰的主要作物，18世纪中期，晚疫霉对马铃薯造成的灾难性破坏引发爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒。
By the late 1800s laws changes and increased taxes made large land holdings expensive.
1800年代末期改变法律和税收增加了持有的大量地皮昂贵。
By the late 1800s in North America Halloween had developed into a family festival full of parties seasonal foods (pumpkins maize and apples) and costumes.
到了19世纪末期，在北美地区，万圣节已经变成一个家庭节日。充满了派对，时令食物和奇装异服的元素。
A century later, it had become the major food crop in Ireland; disastrous damage to the crop by a fungal blight caused the Irish potato famine in the mid-1800s.
一个世纪后，成为爱尔兰的主要作物，18世纪中期，晚疫霉对马铃薯造成的灾难性破坏引发爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒。
A century later, it had become the major food crop in Ireland; disastrous damage to the crop by a fungal blight caused the Irish potato famine in the mid-1800s.
一个世纪后，成为爱尔兰的主要作物，18世纪中期，晚疫霉对马铃薯造成的灾难性破坏引发爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒。
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