But the word "gamification" and the widespread, conscious application of the concept only began in earnest about five years ago, Werbach says.
但 Werbach 说，“游戏化”这个词和这个概念的广泛、有意识的应用是在大约五年前才真正开始的。
But it is best to submit your application early because universities begin work as soon as forms start rolling in.
但是你最好尽早提交你的申请，因为一旦申请表格开始蜂拥而来，这些高校就开始工作了。
The third application made it to the final voting for taking part in the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games but missed out once again.
第三次申请进入了参加2020年东京奥运会的最终投票，但再次错过了机会。
These issues must be carefully considered in the application design, but they are beyond the scope of this article.
在进行应用程序设计时，必须认真考虑这些问题，但是这些问题超出了本文的讨论范围。
But are the other players in the application development cycle aware of the importance of these factors?
但是，应用程序开发周期中的其他参与者清楚这些因素的重要性吗？
This would not be a problem if the repository does not host any application objects, but since it does there is application impact in the cluster.
这可能是一个问题，不是因为储存库没有驻留任何应用程序对象，而是因为它对集群中的应用程序产生影响。
But, if the application typically processes all employees in one department together, one XML document per department can be better.
但是，如果应用程序常常一起处理一个部门中的所有雇员，那么每个部门一个文档会更好一些。
These classes would become part of our application, but they would ultimately reside in the OS, not in our application.
这些类将成为我们应用程序的一部分，但它们最终将驻留在操作系统中，而不是在应用程序中。
But in an application virtualization environment, the object code is interpreted within an abstract machine to provide the execution.
但是在一个应用程序虚拟化环境中，对象代码在一个抽象机器内经过解译，以便于执行。
The result is that you might create a resource in the context of the application, but when you try to access it, the server is looking in the context of the application server.
结果是：您可能在应用程序的上下文中创建了一个资源，但当您尝试访问该资源时，服务器将在应用服务器的上下文中进行查找。
But the concept of application virtualization in games actually goes back much farther.
不过游戏中的应用程序虚拟化概念其实要追溯到更远。
This might not be very critical for our timesheet application, but in other scenarios this could be very expensive in terms of resources.
这对于时间表应用程序也许不是十分关键的，但在其他情况下，这将花费很大的资源。
They may be used a few times in your application, but they are less likely to be used by another composite application.
这些组件可能在您的应用程序中多次使用，但是不太可能在另一个复合应用程序中使用。
The rules are application specific, but in general, caching policy rules can trigger on the request URI, specific XML contents within the request body, or a combination of both.
这些规则是特定于应用程序的，但一般情况下，可在请求URI 中、请求正文中的特定XML内容或两者的组合中触发缓存策略规则。
On the other hand, it may be served by a certain application in the baseline, but that application has been changed in a target architecture (and not in another target).
另一方面，它可能是由基线中的特定程序来服务的，但是程序可以在目标结构中发生变动（不是在另一个目标中变动）。
The application server metrics are fine, but you want your metrics in your APM system, not siloed in the application server.
应用服务器指标固然不错，但是您希望指标位于 APM系统中，而不是应用服务器中。
This can be done in traditional application development, but it is a highly technical job and it is not easy to incorporate cross-domain information.
这可以在传统的应用程序开发中完成，不过它是高技术含量的工作，并且很难纳入跨领域的信息。
There is no XML in this application, but JAX-RS leverages JAXB to do the automatic serialization/deserialization.
这个应用中不使用XML，但是JAX-RS 使用JAXB完成自动的序列化/反序列化。
But starting in J2EE 1.3, application resource names are component-scoped, not global.
但是自从j2ee 1.3开始，应用程序资源名是组件范围的，不是全局的了。
There's no error handling in this code, but note that you would need it in a real-world application.
这段代码中没有错误处理功能，但要注意，实际应用程序需要此功能。
The details are quite complex, but in brief, any application can look up any resource in the JNDI namespace.
具体的细节非常复杂，但简单来说，任何应用程序都可以查找JNDI名称空间中的任何资源。
In contrast, application metadata in the EBA describes the application content, but it is not necessary to include the binary content in the EBA.
相反，尽管EBA中的应用程序元数据描述应用程序内容，但是无需在EBA中包含二进制内容。
But all in all, their application is much smaller than EJB3 components, especially in small to middle sized applications.
但是总的来说，它们的应用要比ejb 3组件少，特别是在中小型应用中。
You may find this desirable in some cases, but not in others, depending on your particular application.
在某些情况下，您会认为这很令人满意，但在某些情况下又并非如此，具体取决于您的特定应用程序。
Thoughtful database design can offer significant performance benefits, but it must begin early in the application development process.
考虑周详的数据库设计可以提供巨大的性能收益，但是这必须在应用程序开发过程的早期便开始着手。
You will use a database to persist the data used in the application (but won't spend too much time on that).
您要使用一个数据库来保留应用程序中使用的数据(不过不会花费太多时间)。
This kind of code is usually common in the controller layer of applications, but is entirely unnecessary in a SproutCore web application.
这类代码在应用程序控制层是很常见的，但是在一个Sprout Coreweb应用程序中这完全不需要。
Views can be stored anywhere in a Django application, but are usually stored in a file named views.py.
可以将视图储存在Django应用程序中的任意位置，但它们通常储存在名为views . py的文件中。
This is an example of a gadget that is deployed in one web application but is embedded or reused in others.
这就是一个部署在Web应用程序上，但是其窗口小部件却由其他程序嵌入或再重用的一个很好的范例。
Consider the case where a new Web application is to be deployed in an environment, but needs to link to a legacy application deployed in a separate physical location.
考虑这样一个情况，一个新的Web应用程序被部署到一个环境，但是需要连接到部署在一个分开的物理位置上的遗留应用程序。
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