Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.

研究组进行的研究超出了所有合理的怀疑，表明吸食烟草与人的预期寿命的缩短有关。

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Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking, particularly cigarette smoking, is associated with shortened life expectancy.

许多研究小组进行的研究不容置疑地表明，吸食烟草，特别是吸卷烟与预期寿命缩短有关。

youdao

Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking, particularly cigarette smoking, is associated with shortened life expectancy.

许多研究小组进行的研究不容置疑地表明，吸食烟草，特别是吸卷烟与预期寿命缩短有关。

youdao