The professor said: "It is a real mystery how these creatures are able to live without oxygen because until now we thought only bacteria could do this."
这真是难以理解的事情。因为此前我们知道仅有细菌可以在无氧状态下存活。
Until now many researchers have argued that it would be impossible to sequence the entire genome of an extinct creature because the samples are so degraded.
到目前为止，许多研究人员争论说对一种已经灭绝的物种进行全基因组测序是不可能的，因为那些标本退化严重。
So, whenever there's any risk of confusion, OK, so not in the cases that we had before because what we've done until now, we didn't really have a problem.
任何情况下，都有可能出现这样的混淆，之前之所以没有出现，是因为直到现在，我们才真正地遇到它。
Swedish surgeons now refuse to operate on smokers until they give up, because of the deleterious effect smoking has on the healing process, Gudnason added.
瑞典的外科医生现在拒绝为吸烟者做手术，直到他们戒烟为止，这是因为吸烟会对康复过程产生有害的影响，Gudnason说。
Fertility is an issue because women are delaying getting pregnant until their 30s — the average age now for a first-time mother is 30.
生育是一个大问题，因为很多女性直到三十多岁才怀孕，现在的第一次生育的母亲的平均年龄是三十岁。
We've mentioned Fring before because it's a great way to turn your iPod touch into an iPhone, but until now the only way you could make calls with it was via Skype.
之前我们提到过Fring是由于它可以令你的ipod touch变为iphone，那时的方式是透过skype软件。
Until now there has been no documentation on setting because little testing had been done on which to base recommendations.
到目前为止，还没关于该设置的任何文档，因为进行的测试很少，无法提供可靠的建议。
We have to say 'thanks' to all the players because, until now, they have done very well.
我要对我所有的球员说一声谢谢，他们现在表现得非常好。
Until now it has been thought that children who missed breakfast were more likely to be obese because they snacked during the day and ate late at night.
直到现在人们认为不吃早餐的儿童更可能患上肥胖是因为他们在白天吃零食并且在夜晚吃东西。
Until now, most foreign drivers have more or less enjoyed immunity, because of the difficulty of enforcing laws across national borders.
由于很难跨过实行法律，直到现在国外驾驶员或多或少地享受着豁免权。
"It was a big surprise because we thought until (now) that this kind of spruce grew much later in those regions," he said.
卡尔曼教授说：“这个发现让我们很意外，因为我们一直认为这种云杉是在很多年后才开始在这一带生长的。”
But because of border tensions that have now eased with Turkey and Bulgaria, the area was not a familiar landscape to travelers until very recently.
因为现在土耳其和保加利亚的边境局势得到缓和，游客们才开始认识这个地方。
Until now we have only scored once from corners and we need to use them because we have players who are good with their heads in the box.
到现在为止，我们只有一次角球破门，我想我们应该更好地去利用角球的机会，以为我们有足够多的头球好手。
This finding may be of particular importance, because up until now there has been no serological biomarker for use in surveillance programs.
由于到目前为止，还没有血清生物标记物用于癌变监测，因此这一发现具有重要意义。
It helps us to recognise the dignity of a style of building which is regarded as humble only because it has not until now been attended to properly.
它帮助我们重拾建筑设计风格的尊严——建筑风格曾因其无法被正确的展现而一度被认为低廉乏味。
Because of the complexity of ocean environment, until now, there is no efficient method that can solve long-range source localization in time under real environmental condition.
由于海洋环境的复杂性，直到现在仍然没有一种有效的能够实时解决真实环境中远距离声源的定位方法。
This is an important discovery because - until now - those signaling pathways were not clearly defined.
这是一个重要的发现，因为那些信号途径直到现在仍没有一个清晰的定义。
The upcoming period, from now until mid-February will be very important because there are less games.
在接下来的时间里，从现在到二月中旬会是个重要时期因为这段时期的比赛将会比较少。
Until now, I still feel so lucky to be in this entertainment field after almost 3 years because I get to see and learn so many different things and places, also the cultures.
直到现在，3年了，我依然觉得很幸运能加入演艺圈，因为我能在不同的地方看见与学习不同的事物，以及文化。
Military expert Alexander Golts says, "I think until now they have no clear decision because it's clear that their interests are colliding in Syria."
军事专家亚历山大·戈尔茨（Alexander Golts）表示，“我认为到目前为止他们尚没有明确的决定，因为很显然他们在叙利亚的利益存在冲突。”
I feel I am starting from zero because up until now I have been a passive observer.
最近几天的训练，我的热情就像新赛季刚刚开始一样。我感觉自己要从零开始，因为之前我只是个看客。
He said he has been able to survive until now only because vendors at the local market have given him food which he must pay for later.
他说他能活到现在，全靠当地市场的老板让他以赊账的方式购买食品，他保证以后一定还钱。
Whenever someone confides to me, "I've never told this to anyone until now, " I get excited for that person because I know they are about to experience great relief and liberation.
每当某人向我吐露心声：“我至今从未把这事告诉任何人。”我总是为这人感到兴奋，因为知道他将要经历释放与自由。
Such worries were easily dismissed because they were not backed by scientific evidence—at least until now.
到目前为止，这些担忧还因为缺少科学依据而得不到人们的重视。
Every single thing that has ever happened to you up until right now was preparing you for a moment that is yet to come. Dont go back to less just because you are too impatient to wait on Gods best!
到目前为止，所有发生在你身上的事情都是在为未来某个即将到来的时刻做准备。不要因为不耐烦就选择退缩，因为上帝最好的奖赏即将来到。
I am sure I will have particular emotions because Milan are in the final, I have only ever seen it on television up until now. So, let's go Milan and the Milan fans!
我确信我有特别的感情，因为对于米兰进入决赛，以前我只在电视上看到过。
She said her older child, now 7, has above average IQ, which Ms. Chudleigh-Neal said could be in part because she exclusively breast-fed until her daughter was 6 - months old.
她说，她七岁大的大女儿的智商高于平均水平，她认为这在一定程度上是因为她在女儿六个月大之前只给她喂母乳。
She said her older child, now 7, has above average IQ, which Ms. Chudleigh-Neal said could be in part because she exclusively breast-fed until her daughter was 6 - months old.
她说，她七岁大的大女儿的智商高于平均水平，她认为这在一定程度上是因为她在女儿六个月大之前只给她喂母乳。
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