If interchange fees merely shift economic rents from merchants to card firms, then that is not a concern for competition policy (especially if some of the rents end up washing back to cardholders).

如果交易费仅仅将经济税从商家转嫁到卡片商的话，那么这个和竞争政策没有任何关系(特别是如果一部分的税最终流回持卡者这里)。

youdao

As to mix amusedly useful, actually more is the distinction that front and back end collect fees.

至于好玩和有用，其实更多就是前端和后端收费的区别。

youdao

As to mix amusedly useful, actually more is the distinction that front and back end collect fees.

至于好玩和有用，其实更多就是前端和后端收费的区别。

youdao