The 10 indicators of climate change include measurements of sea level rise taken from ships, the temperature of the upper atmosphere taken from weather balloons and field surveys of melting glaciers.
气候变化的10项指标中包括船只进行的海平面上升测量，气象气球对上层大气温度的测量以及对冰川融化进行的实地调查。
Aurorae are caused by the interaction between energetic charged particles from the sun and gas molecules in the upper atmosphere of the Earth.
极光是由地球大气上层的气体分子与来自太阳的高能带电粒子相互作用产生的。
During Sunday's total solar eclipse, the moon covered the sun over Easter Island, so that only the faint, white ring of the sun's upper atmosphere, or corona, was visible.
周日发生在复活节岛上的日全食，月亮将太阳覆盖了起来，只有太阳上层大气所形成的一圈微弱的白色圆环或称日冕处于可见状态。
As he travelled, he set up instruments called magnetometers to measure electric currents in the upper atmosphere.
在航行的途中，他一路建立起了许多叫做磁力计的装置，以检测大气上层的电流状况。
But Yinghuo 1 will also be exploring the upper atmosphere of mars-aiming to discover why water vanished from the red planet.
但“萤火虫1号”也将探索火星的外大气层，目的是找出这颗红色星球上水消失了的原因。
Of the first variety, injecting sunlight-reflecting sulphate aerosols into the upper atmosphere is a relatively cheap, easy and quick option.
对于第一种方式，在上层大气注入阳光反射硫盐酸气溶胶是一个相对便宜、简单、快捷的选择。
This is because the winds normally vary widely between the near-surface and the upper atmosphere, home to the eastward-flowing jet stream.
这是因为风通常从近地高度和高空大气层之间变化很大，进入高层后会并入向东流动的气流中。
All that's visible during totality is the sun's relatively faint upper atmosphere, called the corona.
日全食期间能看见的只有太阳上部相对模糊的大气，被称为日冕。
You can't work with an average, squashing together the way heat radiation goes through the dense, warm, humid lower atmosphere with the way it goes through the thin, cold, dry upper atmosphere.
通过平均法计算是行不通的，即不能将热力在密实、温暖、潮湿的底层大气层中辐射的方式，与在稀薄、寒冷、干燥的上层大气层中的辐射方式混为一谈。
So these monopoles could well turn up in our particle acceleratorsor in the decay products of cosmic ray collisions in the upper atmosphere.
所以这些单极在粒子加速器里或者在高空大气宇宙射线的碰撞过程中可能会被找到。
The particles are generally protons , electrons and helium nuclei and when they collide with nuclei in the Earth's upper atmosphere they can produce shower s of daughter particles.
这些粒子主要是质子、电子和氦原子核，并且当他们与地球高层大气中的原子核碰撞，就能产生次级粒子簇射。
Most Atlantic hurricanes are born off the western coast of Africa, where warm water and a cool, windy upper atmosphere conspire to create a spiraling storm.
大多数大西洋上的飓风都产生在非洲西海岸，那里温暖的海水和冷而多风的高层大气一起造成了这种旋风。
The research, federally funded by the National Science Foundation, could improve the safety and reliability of spacecraft that operate in the upper atmosphere.
此项研究由美国国家科学基金会拨款，旨在提高航天器在高层大气中运行时的安全性和可靠性。
A less exotic approach, endorsed by Dr Crutzen, would be to spread tiny particles in the upper atmosphere to reflect the sun's rays.
克鲁特森博士提出并认可了一项较为实际的方案，那就是在大气层的上层散布大量的微小粒子来反射太阳光线。
The TC4 project will generate new data on the icy cirrus clouds that are formed in the upper atmosphere by heat-driven, or convective, storm systems that coalesce over warm waters in the tropics.
TC4工程将研究出关于含冰卷云的各种资料，这种云层是在大气上层中通过受热量驱使或对流的暴风雨变化过程中形成的，而此暴风雨也是与热带暖水海洋上空的状况密切相关。
The ionizing radiation from the high altitude burst can travel for hundreds of miles before being absorbed. Significant ionization of the upper atmosphere (ionosphere) can occur.
由高空爆炸产生的致电离辐射在被吸收之前能够传播几百英里，产生明显的高层大气电离(电离层)。
Auroras occur when charged particles from the sun collide with Earth's upper atmosphere, causing atoms of oxygen and nitrogen to gain energy and then release it in the form of light.
太阳的带电粒子与地球上层的大气相撞，促使氧和氮原子获得能量，然后以极光的形式释放出来。
Increased UV light may break down water molecules in the upper atmosphere, reducing cloud formation, says James Russell of Hampton University in Virginia, who was not involved in the study.
美国维吉尼亚州汉普顿大学的詹姆斯·拉塞尔没有参与这次研究，他说，增加的紫外光可能会分解高层大气中的水分子。
Auroras happen when ions in the solar wind collide with atoms of oxygen and nitrogen in the upper atmosphere.
极光的出现缘于太阳风离子与高层大气中的氧氮原子的碰撞。
This energy soon showered Earth's upper atmosphere, tearing apart atoms in a region called the ionosphere to a greater depth than an ordinary solar flare and causing them to glow.
这个能量很快显示到地球的外大气层，将在电离层中的原子击开，使它们发出比普通太阳耀斑使它们发的更亮的光。
The most troubling of the short-lived HFCs were invented to replace chlorofluorocarbons, refrigerants that were thinning the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere, and were also a major warming agent.
其中最短命的氢氟碳化合物，被发明取代氯氟烃，制冷剂可以稀释高层空气中的臭氧层，同时也是主要的升温剂。
The curvature of the Earth’s horizon (the limb) is clearly visible, as is the faint blue line of the upper atmosphere directly above it (at image top center).
地球地平线的曲线（周边）清晰可见，它的正上方隐约显现出高层大气的蓝线（图片中上部）。
The sinking air is also carried along the surface to the equator, where it rises again, strengthening the already-powerful western winds in the upper atmosphere in the tropics.
下沉到海水表面的空气也会顺流而下到赤道附近，在那里它又变强，加强热带地区高空大气的西风。
The curvature of the Earth's horizon (the limb) is clearly visible, as is the faint blue line of the upper atmosphere directly above it (at image top center).
地球地平线的曲线(周边)清晰可见，它的正上方隐约显现出高层大气的蓝线(图片中上部)。
Nitrous oxide is stable at ground level but breaks down in the upper atmosphere to form compounds that trigger chemical reactions that destroy ozone.
一氧化二氮在地平面时是稳定的，但在高层大气中则分解而形成某种化合物，从而引发化学反应而破坏臭氧层。
Scientists know that such solar activity plays a significant role on the weather we experience on Earth by interacting with our planet's magnetic fields and upper atmosphere.
科学家们相信，这类太阳活动与地球磁场和高空大气层产生反应，对地球天气起着重要作用。
Magnetic storms also heat the upper atmosphere, changing its density and composition and disrupting radio communications and GPS units.
磁暴还会对高层大气存在加热作用，改变其密度计组成，中断无线电通信与GPS装置。
Ozone at ground level - not to be confused with the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere - is one of the major constituents of photochemical smog.
与高层大气臭氧层不同的是，地面的臭氧是光化学烟雾的一个主要组成部分。
Ozone at ground level - not to be confused with the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere - is one of the major constituents of photochemical smog.
与高层大气臭氧层不同的是，地面的臭氧是光化学烟雾的一个主要组成部分。
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