Even though an application architecture varies from application to application, some common trends emerge. Generally, an application needs the functionality of four tiers
尽管应用程序的体系结构各不相同，但是有一些常见的体系结构趋势。
While the code that implements the command might be different from application to application, or even within an application, the command remains constant.
尽管实现命令的代码在应用程序之间甚至在一个应用程序内部可能会有所不同，但命令却保持不变。
Because Web services are for application-to-application communication, they are more useful when they can support asynchronous communication.
由于Web服务是用于应用程序到应用程序的信息传递，所以若它们能够支持异步的信息传递将会更加有用。
Since its introduction, SOAP over HTTP has become nearly the DE facto standard for application-to-application communication over the Internet.
自从它引入起，HTTP之上的SOAP已经几乎变成了通过Internet进行应用程序到应用程序的通信的事实标准。
The application-to-application message exchange is asynchronous — one application does not wait for the other application to receive the message.
应用程序到应用程序的消息交换是异步的——应用程序不必等到另一个应用程序收到消息。
In the next article in this series, we will see how to leverage Web Services and IIOP to deliver application-to-application communication between Domino 6 and other distributed systems.
本系列的下一篇文章中，我们将看到如何利用WebService和IIOP提供Domino6和其他分布式系统间的应用程序-应用程序通信。
Web Service technology is used to implement the application-to-application relationships.
Web服务技术用于实现应用程序到应用程序关系。
It is intended for it and business professionals who want to create a universal connectivity infrastructure within their enterprises to simplify application-to-application communications.
本文面向希望在企业中创建通用连接性基础结构以简化应用程序到应用程序通信的IT和业务专业人员。
With the spread of distributed computing, application-to-application communication has become an important issue.
随着分布式计算的普及，应用程序到应用程序的通信成为一个重要的问题。
Business-to-business (B2B) and application-to-application (A2A) requirements dictate that enterprises communicate with each other in order to exchange information.
B2B (business - to -business)和A2A (application - to - application)需求表明企业之间为交换信息而相互通信。
BPM provides the platform that enables the business functions embedded within applications and systems to interact and integrate at a level higher than application-to-application and data integration.
BPM提供了一个平台，支持嵌入在应用程序和系统中的业务功能在高于应用程序间集成及数据集成的级别进行交互和集成。
BPM provides the platform that enables the business functions embedded within applications and systems to interact and integrate at a level higher than application-to-application and data integration.
BPM提供了一个平台，支持嵌入在应用程序和系统中的业务功能在高于应用程序间集成及数据集成的级别进行交互和集成。
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