A QA team can become much more effective and efficient by replacing an AD hoc testing approach with formal, repeatable processes that include test planning, defect cause analysis, and automated tests.
QA团队通过将包含测试计划、缺陷原因分析，和自动化测试的正式、可重复的过程，替代特殊的测试方法，以变得更加有效且高效。
All of this requires much more than an ad-hoc approach to reach useful and actionable knowledge.
所有这些要求的知识比一个特别的方法达到有用和可操作的过程要多的多。
This approach uses UML very informally and in an ad hoc way, primarily in early analysis and design.
此方法非常不正式地，且以特别的方式使用UML，主要在早期的分析和设计中。
This approach uses UML very informally and in an ad hoc way, primarily in early analysis and design.
此方法非常不正式地，且以特别的方式使用UML，主要在早期的分析和设计中。
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