高可靠扫描部件是星载遥感仪器的关键部件，其可靠性验证试验的试验样本具有“小子样、零失效”的局限。
Highly reliable scanning components play an important role in satellite-borne remote sensing instrument. Their samples of reliability verification test are bound to be small sized and zero-failure.
星载遥感仪器扫描部件具有“极小子样、零失效”的特点，其可靠性分析与评估一直是工程实践中的技术难题之一。
The reliability and evaluation of Scanning Components for Satellite-borne Instrument is difficult in engineering because of extremely small sized and zero-failure.
全部缓存失效：在这种情况下，web零售商选择在低负载下定期人工作废全部缓存然后重建。
Full cache invalidation: in this case, the web retailer chooses to periodically manually invalidate the entire cache under load and rebuild it.
部分、持续缓存失效：在这种情况下，web零售商有一个定期作废部分缓存的实时价格或库存清单。
Partial, continuous cache invalidation: in this case, the web retailer has a live price or inventory feed that periodically invalidates a proportion of the cache.
我们也将讨论零售商所需的缓存失效场景来反映目录更新，并考虑eXtremeScale如何在这些事件中潜在改善用户体验。
We will also discuss the cache invalidation scenarios needed by retailers to reflect catalog updates, and consider how eXtreme Scale potentially improves the end user experience during these events.
考虑到关键部件如反应堆冷却剂线和油井涂层不能出现问题，为了安全，并对失效做了最坏的分析，这类金属零件会得到优先更换。
Considering the critical components like reactor coolant lines and oil-well casings, the metal parts are subjected to prior replacement, for safety, with respect to a worst-case analysis of failure.
磨损是造成机械零部件失效的主要原因之一。
Wear is one of the major causes of machinery parts' failures.
磨损是工业上导致零件和装备失效的三个主要问题中的一个。
Wear is one of three main industrial problems, that causes the component and equipment failure.
制动轮是门座式起重机制动装置的关键零件，制动轮在生产制造和使用过程中的早期失效及热处理缺陷是影响生产成本及效率的重要因素。
The brake wheel is a key part of portal frame crane, and its earlier failure and heat treatment defect during manufacture and use is the key factor, which affects the cost and efficiency.
在汽车碰撞试验中，试验设备及其零部件潜在的失效问题不可绝对避免。
The failure of test equipments and their parts or components cannot be absolutely avoided in the automobile collision test.
结果表明：组织疏松的存在是造成零件失效的主要原因。
The results showed that the existence of porosity was main reason of parts failure.
在多冲这种动载应力波作用下的零部件大都在多冲的接触表面出现或引发各种缺陷并导致早期损伤失效。
All kinds of defects appear in the surface of components which under the repeated impact load, and the surface defects make the earlier damage and failure.
传统可靠性设计理论认为处于工作过程中的机械零件，要么是安全的，要么是失效的。
According to the traditional probability theory, a part in the course of working may be either in safe or in invalidation.
设备的零部件和金属构件发生的损坏，80%是由于各种微观和宏观机械应力集中所导致的疲劳失效。
The fatigue invalidation made by the kind of microcosmic and macroscopical mechanical stress concentrate 80% resulted in equipment part and metal components damage.
机械零件在随机载荷作用下产生疲劳失效。
The machine parts occurred fatigue failures under the actions of random loads.
应用模糊数学的理论，对机械系统和多失效形式的零件进行了模糊可靠度设计，并给出了设计实例。
Applying the theory of fuzzy reliability, this paper introduces the fuzzy reliability design of the mechanical system and components with high invalidation. It also introduces some examples.
表面工程是针对零件表面失效的形式、特征和机理，综合运用各种表面技术进行防护的工程。
Based on the knowledge of formation, characteristic, and mechanism of component's failure, surface engineering is extensively used to protect component surface by different of surface technology.
在多冲载荷作用下，零部件大都会在其接触表面出现宏观可见的变形，并引发各种缺陷，从而导致零件损伤失效。
Under the effect of this kind of load, there are microscopic deformations and various disfigurements appear on the contact surface of the parts, and then lead to damage and failure.
在此基础上，本文对出现失效的零件：花键轴、连接螺栓、蜗轮这三个具体的零件根据其失效方式进行了详细的分析。
Finally, on the basis of above mentioned narrations, the paper has studied in detail the failure part: splined shaft, linking bolt, worm gearing.
多数情况下，对机械零件的模糊失效概率模型用解析法求其模糊失效概率是极其困难的。
It is mostly very difficult to calculate fuzzy failure probability of mechanical parts by using analytical method according to the model of fuzzy failure probability.
对于其零部件，在失效分析的基础上，提出了改进的措施。
According to parts 'failure analysis, some modified steps have been presented.
微动损伤普遍存在于紧密配合部件中，是造成零部件失效的主要祸患之一。
Fretting damage exists on tightly mating parts at large, which is one of the disaster reason making components and parts fail.
实际应用表明，该方法可以很好地减轻零平衡的失效程度，为模拟模型的可靠性提供有力保障。
The application shows that these measures can greatly reduce the degree of disequilibrium at zero-balance check, and ensure powerful reliability of the simulation model.
利用该模型可以预测系统中的任意阶相关失效概率，也可以用来预测组成零件相同、环境相同但不同大小的其它系统的相关失效概率。
The model can predict any multiplicity dependent failure probability, and also be applicable to other system with same components and environment and different sizes.
从零件失效相关结构角度，提出机械系统相关性可靠度计算研究的新理论方法。
For the correlation structure existed in the failure modes of components, we present a new theoretical method for reliability calculation involving correlation in mechanical systems.
研究表明，即使强度不退化，零件的可靠度和失效率也会随时间逐渐降低；
The result shows that even without strength degeneration, the reliability and failure rate of components decrease with time.
传统工艺条件下，高铬铸铁磨球硬度与内应力成正比，常因内应力过大造成零件失效。
Under traditional technique conditions, it is direct proportion that hardness to internal stress, because of inside stress overload, high-Cr grinding ball is failed.
根据可靠性设计理论，给出了失效相关的机械零件可靠度计算的通用公式。
In this paper we give a general formula on the reliability calculation in the case of that failure modes of machine components are correlated according to the reliability designing theory.
旧发动机中62 %的失效零件可以运用表面工程技术进行修复，修复后的表面性能优于新品。
By using surface engineering techniques, about 62 % waste parts in old engines could be repaired, and the quality of remanufactured engines became superior to the original products.
在载荷和强度分布已知的情况下，可直接运用本文模型计算零件在任意时刻的可靠度和失效率。
On condition that the probability characteristics of load and strength are known, the reliability and failure rate of components at any time can be calculated by the model proposed.
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