肾脏病的随机观察性研究：证据可靠性如何？
Randomized and Observational Studies in Nephrology : How Strong Is the Evidence?
方法随机观察肝移植患者41例，其中出现排斥反应16例(急性排斥12例，慢性排斥4例)。
Methods Randomly investigate 41 liver transplantation patients, among them there were 16 patients with reject reaction (including 12 with acute rejection, 4 with chronic rejection).
这意味着研究人员可能会决定只观察在每20分钟内随机分布的15秒间隔。
That means the researcher might decide to observe only during 15 second intervals that are randomly distributed within each 20 minute period.
这个实验的想法来自于观察鸟类使用工具随机挑选物体，比如在一些布上印有蜘蛛的图片。
The idea for the experiment came from observing the birds using tools to pick at random objects, such as a picture of a spider that was printed on some cloth.
首先，至少在大西洋和太平洋鱼类种群中观察到的一些酶的差异不是随机的，而是进化适应的结果。
First, at least some of the observed differences between the enzymes of the Atlantic and Pacific fish populations were not random, but were the result of evolutionary adaptation.
他观察画家、登山者、舞者、音乐家和外科医生，记录他们的行为并随机访问。
He observed painters, rock climbers, dancers, musicians, and surgeons, taking surveys and later paging them at random intervals.
不管用什么方式进行分割，关键是将大量随机数据放入应用程序并观察出故障的是什么。
Any way you slice it, the key is to throw a lot of random data at an application and see what fails.
换句话说，它并非带有肥尾的一系列离散事件的随机结果，而是在事先观察到上升的宏观及金融风险后完全可以预见到的。
In other words, it was not a random drawing from a distribution of events with a fat tail but actually predictable in advance given the rising macro and financial risks and vulnerabilities.
为了检验这一理论，研究者们进行了一项实验，在实验中参与者们观察一系列随机的光点图形。
To test that theory, researchers conducted an experiment in which participants viewed a series of random dot patterns.
有人用猴子做了研究，以观察随机回报对心理的影响。
Several studies have been done on the psychological effects of random rewards on monkeys.
在其中一个实验中，参与者必须观察12个随机在屏幕上飘过的点，并快速的估计出总体的运动方向。
In one, the participants had to watch 12 dots moving randomly on ascreen and quickly assess their aggregate direction of movement.
通过仔细地观察读写序列计数，可以进一步确定访问是顺序的还是随机的。
By looking at the read and write sequence counts in detail, you can further determine if the access is sequential or random.
当我们观察随机漫步序列时，我认为代表性原则偏误，也起了一定作用。
When we looked at the random walk series I think the representativeness heuristic played a role in there as well.
认为酒精有益的许多研究结果都是从长期观察的测试者身上得来，并不是随机临床试验的方式，相比起来后者更为可信。
Much of the research on alcohol's benefit comes from studies that observe people over time rather than from controlled clinical trials, which are more reliable.
在模糊测试中，用随机坏数据(也称做fuzz)攻击一个程序，然后等着观察哪里遭到了破坏。
In fuzz testing, you attack a program with random bad data (aka fuzz), then wait to see what breaks.
牛津约翰拉德克利夫医院的PeterRothwell与其同事们以随机试验的方式观察了罹患癌症的病人在每日使用阿司匹林期间与其后的状况。
Peter Rothwell at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford and his colleagues looked at deaths due to cancers during and after randomised trials of daily aspirin.
Michael随机地按着这几个号码，每次按过后，他观察盒上的红灯是否会变绿。
Michael presses the Numbers at random and between each sequence watches to see if the red light above the box will turn green.
这项研究的观察对象为144名随机安排室友的大学女生。
The study focused on 144 female college students who were randomly assigned roommates at the start of freshman year.
当我们看到这些数字，我们指的是观察一个随机变量。
When we observe one of these Numbers, we refer to the observation as a random variable.
随机将80例结核性胸膜炎患者分为观察组(40例)和对照组(40例)。
Methods 80 patients of tuberculous pleurisy were divided into observation group (40 cases) and control group (40 cases) randomly.
方法自发性气胸患者76例随机分为观察组和对照组各38例。
Methods 76 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 38 case of each.
对有兴趣的患者解释为什么这次观察研究的关于阿司匹林的阳性结果与早期的随机研究的无好处的结果相对立。
Explain to interested patients, that the positive aspirin results of this observational study contrast with findings from an earlier large randomized study that found no benefit.
设计：非随机化同期对照观察。
在其中一个实验中，参与者必须观察12个随机在屏幕上飘过的点，并快速的估计出总体的运动方向。
In one, the participants had to watch 12 dots moving randomly on a screen and quickly assess their aggregate direction of movement.
方法： 158例老年绝经期骨质疏松症患者随机分为对照组（79例）和观察组（79例）。
METHODS: 158 elderly menopausal patients with osteoporosis were randomly divided into control group (79 cases) and observation group(79 cases).
方法选择120例老年性骨质疏松症患者，随机分为观察组和对照组。
Methods 120 cases of senile osteoporosis were randomly divided into trial group and control group.
方法：随机分组，对比观察组和对照组脑梗死后癫痫发生率。
Methods: The incidence of epilepsy after cerebral infarction was compared between observed group and control group.
方法将58例患者随机分为两组，每组29例，观察组采用鼻肠管持续静滴供给营养，对照组采用普通胃管间断供给营养，进行效果观察。
Methods 58 cases were randomly divided into two groups, and 29 cases, using the cluster supply nutrient, continuous static drops in the continuous supply nutrient, gastric tube to observe the result.
方法将本院住院发生静脉炎的80例老年患者随机分为对照组和观察组。
Methods 80 elderly patients in my hospital suffering phlebitis were randomly divided into control group and observation group in-patient ward.
方法将本院住院发生静脉炎的80例老年患者随机分为对照组和观察组。
Methods 80 elderly patients in my hospital suffering phlebitis were randomly divided into control group and observation group in-patient ward.
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