公共品具备两种特征：一、非排它性：即生产者无法排除购买者以外的其他人使用这一产品，二、非竞争性：意指许多人可以同时使用该产品。
A public good has two attributes: nonexcludability, which means the producer can't prevent the use of the good by others, and nonrivalry, which means that many people can use the good simultaneously.
依据相关理论，对国内铁路车辆行业的特征、营销环境、市场需求、购买者行为以及行业内竞争态势进行了分析。
Basing on these theory, the paper analyses characteristic, marketing environment, market demand, buyer behavior, and competition situation of domestic railway rolling-stock manufacture industry.
本文将重度购买者理论应用到旅游户外用品购买活动中，探究旅游户外用品重度购买者的人口、行为和心理统计特征。
This paper applied heavy user theory in the tourist outdoor gear purchasing to study the demographic, behavioral and psychographics characteristics of the heavy users of tourist outdoor gear.
本文将重度购买者理论应用到旅游户外用品购买活动中，探究旅游户外用品重度购买者的人口、行为和心理统计特征。
This paper applied heavy user theory in the tourist outdoor gear purchasing to study the demographic, behavioral and psychographics characteristics of the heavy users of tourist outdoor gear.
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