他认为，有四个不同的原因，即质料因、动力因、形式因和目的因。
He holds that there are four different causes-material cause, motivation cause, form cause and objective cause.
指物：借以产生效果的质料因或物质手段；但暗示着理性的使用者或发明者。
Of things: The material cause or instrumentality whereby effects are produced; but implying a rational employer or contriver.
一般而言，动力因不是质料的原因，因为动力因以质料为先决条件。
Ordinarily, however, the efficient cause is not the cause of the matter since it presupposes it.
一般而言，动力因不是质料的原因，因为动力因以质料为先决条件。
Ordinarily, however, the efficient cause is not the cause of the matter since it presupposes it.
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