电子证据对传统英美证据规则的挑战主要涉及最佳证据规则、鉴证规则和传闻规则。
Electronic evidence has brought challenges to traditional evidence rule such as Best evidence, Authentication rule and Hearsay rule.
第一章阐明了船舶碰撞诉讼证据采证规则的内涵，并且探究船舶碰撞诉讼证据采证规则的法律价值所在。
Chapter one expounds the intendment and the legal values reserved in probing into rules of evidentiary admissibility and weight in respect of ship's collision at sea.
种类繁多的开源软件许可证，自定规则，引起更多的混乱。
Further confusion arises from the multiplicity of open-source software licences, each with their own set of rules.
这项新规则也要求到2013年（即该指示可能颁布的时候）对在27国集团内的基金交易要求使用一个“通行证”。
The new rules would also require a 'passport' to operate in the EU by 2013 (which is when the directive is likely to be enacted) for funds based in the 27-nation bloc, and by 2015 for all other funds.
作为一项重要的证据规则，证人拒证权的规定见诸世界上大多数国家的证据法或诉讼法典。
As an important evidence rule, the right of witness exemption is stated in the evidence law or procedure law in most countries.
虽然法律从未对其进行过明确的定义和认可，但在司法实践中，“孤证不能定案”却一直起着类似于国外的证据补强规则的作用。
It is never defined and accepted by the law, but in the justice practice it works as the rule of corroboration does in the foreign countries.
因此，有必要借鉴国外的证据补强规则方面的立法经验，将“孤证不能定案”改造成为一项操作性较强的证据规则。
So it is necessary to transform it to the evidence rule with strong operating, by using the legislative experience on the rule of corroboration in foreign countries for reference.
可以放宽职业许可证发放规则，给没有接受正规教育的人创造机会。
Occupational licensure rules could be relaxed to create opportunities for people without formal education.
我认为，这最终会归结到许可证和规则的问题上来。
I think what it comes down to is a matter of licensing and a matter of regulation.
在这种情况下，我们在受理跟单信用证时，有必要严格地遵守这些条款和规则。
In such a case, strict observance of the provisions and rules is necessary in dealing with documentary credits.
本规则反映了大多数已转让信用证所涉及的替换单据的情况。
The rule reflects the fact that the majority of transferred credits involve a substitution of documents.
介绍了对寄生虫身份证编码信息网建立背景、编码规则、主要功能以及实现技术。
This thesis mainly introduce establishment background of parasite identification card coding database information web, coding rules, main function, technique realization etc.
在进行事实推定时，法官必须基于良知和公正的理念要求，运用自己的知识能力理性地运用经验规则，对待证事实作出推论。
In presumption of fact, the judges must base on the concept of conscience and justice, use their knowledge and competence to rationally exercise experience, and infer the facts to be found.
虽然这些看上去已经很奇怪了，但是新的规则更是不可理喻，要求域名获得许可证，很有可能对国外的网站也提出同样的要求。
As awkward as this has been, new rules expand these impediments, requiring the licensing of domain names and, potentially, foreign sites as well.
这一措辞符合第1条的内容，即允许通过信用证的条款修改或排除每一个规则。
This wording would be in line with the content of article 1 which allows for each rule to be modified or excluded by the terms and conditions of the credit.
该规则要求在化妆品里使用彩色附加物的公司允许食品和药物管理局的检查员“自由出入”有关的工厂，否则将吊销其推销自己产品的许可证。
It required companies using color additives in cosmetics to give FDA inspectors "free access" to their plants, on pain of losing their certification to market their products.
程度排除与证据补强规则是为弥补法官自由心证之缺陷而创设。
The rules about degree exclusion and the reinforcement to evidences are created to compensate for defects in the judge's free evaluation of evidences.
第38条（d）款中的规则反映了有关可转让信用证的普遍立场，即可转让信用证只可以转让一次。
The rule in sub-article 38 (d) reflects the standard position in relation to transferable credits i. e. , that it may be transferred once only.
文章提出了流转税影响个人收入分配调节的理论模型，并对其进行了因素分析，推证得到了一些重要的判别规则。
This paper firstly discusses that the main function of personal income tax of China should be located in adjustment of individual income.
文章提出了流转税影响个人收入分配调节的理论模型，并对其进行了因素分析，推证得到了一些重要的判别规则。
This paper firstly discusses that the main function of personal income tax of China should be located in adjustment of individual income.
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