传统美德向何处去？这是智者时代城邦的根本问题，也是苏格拉底的问题。
Where the traditional virtue is going was not only one of the fundamental questions of the city-state in Sophists times but Socrates question as well.
苏格拉底的问题启发了周围的人，包括一个名叫柏拉图的长得很结实的年轻摔跤手，他们追随着他，并且反过来向他提问题。
Socrates' questions inspired others-including a burly young wrestler named plato-to follow him around and ask him questions.
苏格拉底的问题让所有人都傻了眼，于是他得出结论：神谕是正确的，他自己的确是最有智慧的人，因为他是唯一一个认识到自己无知的人。
His questions made them all look foolish, and Socrates decided that the Oracle was right, that he was indeed the wisest because he was the only one who knew of his own ignorance.
苏格拉底说：各种学问，最根本的目的，是要解决“人怎样活着”的问题；
Socrates once said that the fundamental goal of every knowledge is to solve the problem of “ how human beings live".
苏格拉底说，人类的问题就是这样产生的。
这个问题，没有神奇的解答，但我认为最佳的答案是苏格拉底。
There is obviously no magic solution to this question but the best answer I know of is Socrates.
但这带回到那个问题，到底苏格拉底给克里托，拒绝越狱的理由，他以雅典城邦法律立场，所说的理由，是苏格拉底真正的理由吗？
But it gets back to the question, are the reasons Socrates gives Crito for refusing to escape, the reasons he puts in the mouth of the laws of the city of Athens,? Are those Socrates' true reasons?
而这些是得出灵魂不朽的,重要前提,因为苏格拉底接下来邀请我们,思考灵魂的问题。
And that's the crucial premise or some conclusion for the immortaility of the soul because then Socrates invites us to think about the soul.
而另一个，你们一定会想要讨论的问题是，何谓经苏格拉底纯化过的，音乐与诗学形式？
And there's another question which you would no doubt be concerned to discuss, namely what would such Socratically purified? Music and poetry look like?
这就是我今天要继续的问题，考虑苏格拉底受审的意义，我想要先回到一个问题，一个悖论，也是我们上堂课所遗留的。
So this is a question that I want to continue today, to consider what the trial of Socrates means and I want to begin by going back to a problem or a paradox that I ended the class with last time.
若要回答这些问题，我们必须探讨一下，新型苏格拉底式公民的定义。
To try to answer those questions we would have to look a little bit at what is meant by this new kind of Socratic citizen.
但是这种快速录入如此大量的书目已经显现出来了一些问题，不仅仅是这个甚至出现在了柏拉图经典书籍《对苏格拉底的审判和死亡——四个对话》上的粉色手指的广为流传的问题。
But the speedy input of so many titles has thrown up several glitches, not least the scattering of pink fingers in classics including Plato's the Trial and Death of Socrates.
就是这些问题，这些至少就是苏格拉底或柏拉图，本书作者，所特意提出让我们思考的问题。
These are at least among the questions that Socrates or Plato, the author of the book, deliberately poses for us to consider.
问题是，为何苏格拉底认为哲学式王权，对，Kallipolis，是必备的，对这座正义之城？
The question is why does Socrates regard philosophic kingship as required for Kallipolis,? For the just city?
作家Hughes并没有在书中系统地向我们介绍她对苏格拉底的哲学研究，她也没有试图解决有关如何分辨哪个才是柏拉图笔下的苏格拉底这个著名的哲学问题。
Hughes does not present a methodical study of the philosophy of Socrates, nor does she deal much with the famous Socratic problem of how to distinguish the real Socrates from Plato's portrait of him.
对于学生们百思不得其解的问题，他的办法是反问学生一系列问题，从而引导他们找到自己对于该问题的答案，这就是后来众所周知的“苏格拉底法”。
His method of asking his students a series of questions to lead them to their own answer to a question they are pondering has become known as the Socratic Method.
不论(EA2)是不是苏格拉底的看法，对于作为聪明的含义的一种叙述来说，(EA2)存在问题。
Regardless of whether (EA2) is Socrates' view, there are problems for (EA2) as an account of what it means to be wise.
那场为法律所讲，有关法律的对话，真的是要为克里托排解，而不是苏格拉底，最深层意见的表述，尤其是那些问题攸关义务与服从？
Is that speech for the law, with the laws, really intended for the benefit of Crito, rather than an expression? Of Socrates' deepest opinions about the questions of obligation and obedience?
但那个公式迫使我们回到，原始的苏格拉底式问题，即有关灵魂与城市的和谐。
But that formula forces us to return to the original Socratic question about the harmony of the soul and the city.
我将把他定义为这样的人，他把以苏格拉底的方式去思考道德问题作为人生首要的责任和乐趣。
I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problem.
苏格拉底说：各种学问，最根本的目的，是要解决“人怎样活着”的问题；
Socrates once said that the fundamental goal of every knowledge is to solve the problem of " how human beings live".
这段话是苏格拉底说的，这就是苏格拉底的名言，他接着说人类的问题是，他们的语言会让他们迷惑。
That's Socrates, that's the great message of Socrates He then said the trouble with human being is they have language and therefore they get confused.
想想这个问题，此外，你们可以开始，阅读柏拉图的《苏格拉底自辩篇》，我们将在周三的课堂上讨论。
Think of that. And while you're thinking about it you can start reading Plato's Apology for Socrates which we will discuss for class on Wednesday.
这是萦回不散的问题，有人可能要问，苏格拉底是否曾成功地，响应那个问题。
It's a question that lingers and one might wonder whether Socrates ever successfully answers that question.
在西方，从苏格拉底到康德、尼采，在价值根源问题的解决上皆有缺憾。
In the west, from Socrates to Kant and Nietzsche, there remained some drawbacks in dealing with the problem of the source of value.
关于苏格拉底的生平和学说，由于从古代以来就有各种不同的记载和说法，一直是学术界讨论最多的一个问题。
With regard to Socrates's life and doctrine, as there has been different from the ancient records and claim to have been one of the largest academic discussion of the issue.
这没有什么问题，不过我本来希望听到更多的东西，比如孔子和苏格拉底的不同。
That's all fine, but I was hoping to hear more about, say, the way Confucius differs from Socrates.
在更开明的学校，教师可能会采用苏格拉底模式，要求领导和探索一些问题，这些问题可以引导和激励学生得出他们自己的结论。
In more enlightened schools, the teacher might employ the Socratic method of asking leading and probing questions that guide and inspire the students to reach their own conclusions.
当然，不管是苏格拉底还是康德都并不满足于仅仅陶醉在好奇中，敬畏充当了其思想的刺激，激发他们提出问题，常常最具探索性的问题。
Of course, neither Socrates nor Kant remained content simply to bask in their wonderment. Awe acted as an irritant to their minds. It prompted questions, often of the most searching sort.
当然，不管是苏格拉底还是康德都并不满足于仅仅陶醉在好奇中，敬畏充当了其思想的刺激，激发他们提出问题，常常最具探索性的问题。
Of course, neither Socrates nor Kant remained content simply to bask in their wonderment. Awe acted as an irritant to their minds. It prompted questions, often of the most searching sort.
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