冰岛是第一个在信贷紧缩中破产的国家。
Iceland, the first nation to go bankrupt in the credit crunch.
在20世纪20年代，欧洲国家开始从第一次世界大战中恢复过来，并制定紧缩计划减少进口，对美国农产品的需求下降了。
In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity programs to reduce their imports.
由于面临严重的预算紧缩，许多州大幅削减了对高等教育的资助。
Caught in a severe budget crunch, many states have sharply scaled back their funding for higher education.
这个建议现在比以往任何时候都更有意义，尽管目前住房紧缩，现在有更多的父母希望听取他们孩子的想法。
This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.
然而，一些政府的决策者坚持认为，在不采取紧缩的货币和财政政策的情况下，直接控制工资和价格能够成功地降低通胀。
Nevertheless, some governments' policymakers insist that direct controls on wages and prices, without tight monetary and fiscal policies, can succeed in decreasing inflation.
此后不久，国防开支的削减迫使航空航天业紧缩开支。
Shortly afterwards, cuts in defence spending forced the aerospace industry to retrench.
紧随战争的是多年的经济紧缩。
20世纪90年代是一段通货紧缩期，当时各公司大大丧失了他们的提价能力。
The 1990s was a period of disinflation, when companies lost much of their power to raise prices.
在遏制通胀方面，印度处于下风，在实施新其它几轮紧缩政策方面，印度倾向于选择“观望”的方式。
India continues to lag in its bout with taming inflation, opting instead for the "wait and see" approach concerning implementing other rounds of tightening.
在未来的几年里，那些紧缩成本、注重债务、注重现金流且高度关注客户需求的企业将会迎来其商业鼎盛期。
In the next couple of years, the businesses that thrive will be those that are tight with costs, careful of debt, cautious with cash flow and extremely attentive to what customers want.
那只会增加国内外通货紧缩的压力。
That only increased the deflationary pressures at home and abroad.
但防止紧缩的有用工具是极其有限的。
But its practical tools for preventing deflation are limited.
更严重的争论是过度的紧缩可能加剧经济衰退。
A more serious argument is that excessive austerity may aggravate the recession.
由于出现信用紧缩，导致购买银行违约保险的费用猛涨。
The credit crunch has caused the cost of insuring against bank defaults to rocket.
因此，资产价格的紧缩会带来恶性循环。
So deflation in asset prices can turn into a vicious circle.
避免财政紧缩的机会看起来非常的暗淡。
雷孟达的声音有着算计和紧缩的效果。
DE Roquefort's voice had a calculating and deflationary effect.
而信贷紧缩使两者的收入大减。
紧缩的力度也不能过分夸大。
我们已经进入厉行紧缩的时代。
没人认为通货紧缩本身是可取的。
最大的挑战将是确定什么构成了紧缩的开始。
The challenge will be to identify what constitutes the start of tightening.
为了维持经济增长，痛苦的紧缩非常重要，但是仅仅是紧缩政策还不够。
Painful austerity is an essential condition for lasting growth, but it is not enough on its own.
第二，他们冒着做法过火又对短期金融紧缩管理不善的风险。
Second, they are at risk of both overdoing and mismanaging short-term fiscal austerity.
公共紧缩和透明化均是宣言中的口号。
Public austerity and transparency are the watchwords in the manifesto.
紧缩还是不紧缩——在这个问题上，政策制定者已开始了改变自己的答案。
To tighten or not to tighten – that is the question. It is one to which policymakers have started changing their answers.
日本的真正缺陷是高额债务和通货紧缩。
美国紧缩新政的原因更为微妙，但并不令人吃惊。
The reasons for the new American austerity are subtler, but not shocking.
美国紧缩新政的原因更为微妙，但并不令人吃惊。
The reasons for the new American austerity are subtler, but not shocking.
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